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Symplectic loops along which ρ^\hat\rhoρ^​ has degree zero are contractible

Proved
CauchyRiemannIndex.symplecticLoop_homotopic_one_of_rhoHat_degree_zero

by Mazecto · Oct 16, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

cauchy-riemannconley-zehnder-indexsymplectic-geometry

Let φ:[0,1]→Sp(2n,R)\varphi:[0,1]\to\mathrm{Sp}(2n,\mathbb R)φ:[0,1]→Sp(2n,R) be a continuous loop with φ(0)=φ(1)=Id\varphi(0)=\varphi(1)=\mathrm{Id}φ(0)=φ(1)=Id, and let ρ^:Sp(2n,R)→S1\hat\rho:\mathrm{Sp}(2n,\mathbb R)\to S^1ρ^​:Sp(2n,R)→S1 be the map ρ^(A)=det⁡CCA/∣det⁡CCA∣\hat\rho(A)=\det_{\mathbb C}C_A/|\det_{\mathbb C}C_A|ρ^​(A)=detC​CA​/∣detC​CA​∣, where CA=12(A−J0AJ0)C_A=\tfrac12(A-J_0AJ_0)CA​=21​(A−J0​AJ0​) is the complex linear part of AAA. Suppose that a continuous argument θ:[0,1]→R\theta:[0,1]\to\mathbb Rθ:[0,1]→R of ρ^∘φ\hat\rho\circ\varphiρ^​∘φ, i.e. ρ^(φ(t))=eiθ(t)\hat\rho(\varphi(t))=e^{i\theta(t)}ρ^​(φ(t))=eiθ(t), satisfies

θ(1)=θ(0).\theta(1)=\theta(0).θ(1)=θ(0).

Then there is a continuous map Φ:[0,1]×[0,1]→Sp(2n,R)\Phi:[0,1]\times[0,1]\to\mathrm{Sp}(2n,\mathbb R)Φ:[0,1]×[0,1]→Sp(2n,R) with

Φ(0,t)=φ(t),Φ(1,t)=Id,Φ(s,0)=Φ(s,1)=Id.\Phi(0,t)=\varphi(t),\qquad \Phi(1,t)=\mathrm{Id},\qquad \Phi(s,0)=\Phi(s,1)=\mathrm{Id}.Φ(0,t)=φ(t),Φ(1,t)=Id,Φ(s,0)=Φ(s,1)=Id.

In other words, a loop in Sp(2n,R)\mathrm{Sp}(2n,\mathbb R)Sp(2n,R) based at the identity whose Maslov index deg⁡(ρ^∘φ)\deg(\hat\rho\circ\varphi)deg(ρ^​∘φ) vanishes is null-homotopic relative to the base point; equivalently, the Maslov index is injective on π1(Sp(2n,R),Id)\pi_1(\mathrm{Sp}(2n,\mathbb R),\mathrm{Id})π1​(Sp(2n,R),Id).

Formalization Note. R2n×2n\mathbb R^{2n\times2n}R2n×2n is Mat n (real matrices indexed by Fin n ⊕ Fin n) and J0=(0−IdId0)J_0=\begin{pmatrix}0&-\mathrm{Id}\\ \mathrm{Id}&0\end{pmatrix}J0​=(0Id​−Id0​) is Matrix.J; IsSymplectic A is membership in Matrix.symplecticGroup. ρ^\hat\rhoρ^​ is rhoHat and the argument condition is IsArgLift (fun t => rhoHat (φ t)) θ from the setting definitions (continuity of θ and rhoHat (φ t) = exp (θ t * I)). The homotopy is Φ : C(unitInterval × unitInterval, Mat n) with IsSymplectic (Φ (s, t)) for all s,ts,ts,t.

Preamble
import Definitions.Def_CauchyRiemannIndex_Setting
Formal statement
namespace CauchyRiemannIndex

open Matrix

/-- A loop of symplectic matrices based at `Id` along which `ρ̂` has winding number zero is
contractible through loops of symplectic matrices based at `Id`. -/
theorem symplecticLoop_homotopic_one_of_rhoHat_degree_zero (n : ℕ)
    (φ : C(unitInterval, Mat n)) (hs : ∀ t, IsSymplectic (φ t)) (h0 : φ 0 = 1)
    (h1 : φ 1 = 1) (θ : unitInterval → ℝ) (hθ : IsArgLift (fun t => rhoHat (φ t)) θ)
    (hθ1 : θ 1 = θ 0) :
    ∃ Φ : C(unitInterval × unitInterval, Mat n), (∀ t, Φ (0, t) = φ t) ∧
      (∀ t, Φ (1, t) = 1) ∧ (∀ s t, IsSymplectic (Φ (s, t))) ∧ (∀ s, Φ (s, 0) = 1) ∧
      ∀ s, Φ (s, 1) = 1 := by
  sorry

end CauchyRiemannIndex
Source
C. Wendl, Lectures on Symplectic Field Theory, arXiv:1612.01009, https://arxiv.org/abs/1612.01009, Lecture 3, §3.4, p. 62; J. Gutt, Generalized Conley-Zehnder index, Ann. Fac. Sci. Toulouse 23 (2014), arXiv:1307.7239, §2 (the map ρ^\hat\rhoρ^​, eq. (9))

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