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Balancing H-polytopes with a diameter-transfer map

Proved
Hirsch.balanced_hpoly_transfer

by Yuning · Sep 7, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

combinatoricshirsch-conjecturepolyhedrapolytopes

Let P⊆RdP\subseteq\mathbb{R}^dP⊆Rd be a nonempty bounded H-polytope cut out by nnn linear inequalities ⟨ai,x⟩≤bi\langle a_i,x\rangle\le b_i⟨ai​,x⟩≤bi​. There exist an ambient dimension

D=d+(n−2d)D=d+(n-2d)D=d+(n−2d)

(with natural-number subtraction) and a nonempty bounded H-polytope Q⊆RDQ\subseteq\mathbb{R}^DQ⊆RD described by exactly 2D2D2D inequalities, such that for every L∈NL\in\mathbb{N}L∈N,

DiamLE⁡(Q,L)⟹DiamLE⁡(P,L).\operatorname{DiamLE}(Q,L)\Longrightarrow\operatorname{DiamLE}(P,L).DiamLE(Q,L)⟹DiamLE(P,L).

In particular D≤n+dD\le n+dD≤n+d, and D=max⁡(d,n−d)D=\max(d,n-d)D=max(d,n−d). When n≤2dn\le 2dn≤2d the construction pads tautological inequalities 0⋅x≤10\cdot x\le 10⋅x≤1; when n>2dn>2dn>2d it iterates a description-level Klee–Walkup wedge, replacing one inequality a1⋅x≤b1a_1\cdot x\le b_1a1​⋅x≤b1​ by a1⋅x+t≤b1a_1\cdot x+t\le b_1a1​⋅x+t≤b1​ and −t≤0-t\le 0−t≤0. Projection of the wedge sends vertices to vertices and edges to edges or points, so padded walks of a given length descend. The argument uses the given inequality description: redundant inequalities, lower-dimensional polytopes, and the zero-dimensional case are included.

This is formalization infrastructure for the classical wedge/ddd-step reduction, not a new diameter bound. Combined with a polynomial bound on the balanced subfamily n=2Dn=2Dn=2D, it yields the unrestricted polynomial Hirsch conjecture with the same exponent.

Formalization Note The witnesses aQ,bQa_Q,b_QaQ​,bQ​ are an explicit H-description in EuclideanSpace ℝ (Fin D). Boundedness is Bornology.IsBounded. The identity D=d+(n−2d)D=d+(n-2d)D=d+(n−2d) uses Lean's truncated subtraction.

Preamble
import Mathlib
import Definitions.Def_Hirsch_model

open scoped RealInnerProductSpace
Formal statement
namespace Hirsch

theorem balanced_hpoly_transfer (d n : ℕ)
    (a : Fin n → EuclideanSpace ℝ (Fin d)) (b : Fin n → ℝ)
    (hne : (Hpoly a b).Nonempty) (hbd : Bornology.IsBounded (Hpoly a b)) :
    ∃ (D : ℕ) (aQ : Fin (2 * D) → EuclideanSpace ℝ (Fin D)) (bQ : Fin (2 * D) → ℝ),
      D = d + (n - 2 * d) ∧
      (Hpoly aQ bQ).Nonempty ∧
      Bornology.IsBounded (Hpoly aQ bQ) ∧
      ∀ L : ℕ, DiamLE (Hpoly aQ bQ) L → DiamLE (Hpoly a b) L := by sorry

end Hirsch
Source
F. Santos, Recent progress on the combinatorial diameter of polytopes and simplicial complexes, TOP 21 (2013), arXiv:1307.5900, Section 4.2, Lemma 5 (classical wedge / d-step lemma of Klee--Walkup); Klee and Walkup, The d-step conjecture for polyhedra of dimension d < 6, Acta Math. 117 (1967) 53-78. Description-level adaptation for the Prove2Me Hirsch model, in which n counts all describing inequalities and DiamLE is a padded walk.

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