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A pointwise limit of maps uniformly close to phase shifts of a periodic map is a phase shift

Proved
FiniteEnergyPlane.exists_phase_eq_of_forall_close_shift

by Mazecto · Oct 29, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

periodic-functionsreal-analysis

Let FFF be a normed group, T>0T>0T>0, and let x:R→Fx:\mathbb{R}\to Fx:R→F be continuous and TTT-periodic. Fix κ∈R\kappa\in\mathbb{R}κ∈R, and let fj:R→Ff_j:\mathbb{R}\to Ffj​:R→F converge pointwise to L:R→FL:\mathbb{R}\to FL:R→F. Assume that for every ε>0\varepsilon>0ε>0 and all sufficiently large jjj there is a phase cj∈Rc_j\in\mathbb{R}cj​∈R with

sup⁡t∈R∥fj(t)−x(κt+cj)∥≤ε.\sup_{t\in\mathbb{R}}\|f_j(t)-x(\kappa t+c_j)\|\le\varepsilon .t∈Rsup​∥fj​(t)−x(κt+cj​)∥≤ε.

Then there is c∈Rc\in\mathbb{R}c∈R with L(t)=x(κt+c)L(t)=x(\kappa t+c)L(t)=x(κt+c) for all t∈Rt\in\mathbb{R}t∈R.

Typical use: fjf_jfj​ are loops on a contact manifold that converge to a limit loop and approach the reparametrizations of a fixed periodic Reeb orbit with a phase depending on jjj; the limit loop is then an exact reparametrization of that orbit.

Formalization Note Periodicity is Function.Periodic x T; pointwise convergence is Tendsto (fun j => f j t) atTop (𝓝 (L t)) for each t; the supremum is written pointwise for all t.

Preamble
import Mathlib
Formal statement
namespace FiniteEnergyPlane

open Filter Topology

/-- Let `x : ℝ → F` be continuous and `T`-periodic with `T > 0`, let `κ : ℝ`, and let `f j → L`
pointwise. Suppose that for every `ε > 0`, for all large `j` some phase shift `t ↦ x(κ t + c)` is
uniformly `ε`-close to `f j`. Then `L` is itself a phase shift: `L t = x(κ t + c)` for some `c`. -/
theorem exists_phase_eq_of_forall_close_shift {F : Type*} [NormedAddCommGroup F] {x : ℝ → F}
    {T : ℝ} (hT : 0 < T) (hx : Continuous x) (hxT : Function.Periodic x T) (κ : ℝ)
    (f : ℕ → ℝ → F) (L : ℝ → F) (hf : ∀ t, Tendsto (fun j => f j t) atTop (𝓝 (L t)))
    (hclose : ∀ ε > 0, ∀ᶠ j in atTop, ∃ c : ℝ, ∀ t : ℝ, ‖f j t - x (κ * t + c)‖ ≤ ε) :
    ∃ c : ℝ, ∀ t : ℝ, L t = x (κ * t + c) := by
  sorry

end FiniteEnergyPlane
Source
H. Hofer, K. Wysocki, E. Zehnder, Properties of pseudoholomorphic curves in symplectisations I: Asymptotics, Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré Anal. Non Linéaire 13 (1996), 337–379, proof of Lemma 2.4

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