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Positive determinant of THess\mathrm{THess}THess on the energy component implies positive definiteness

Proved
BirkhoffGlobalSection.TangentialHessian.quadPos_tHess_of_det_pos

by Mazecto · Sep 26, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

celestial-mechanicsdynamical-systemshamiltonian-dynamics

Throughout, Phase=R4\mathrm{Phase}=\mathbb R^4Phase=R4 with coordinates s=(z1,z2,w1,w2)s=(z_1,z_2,w_1,w_2)s=(z1​,z2​,w1​,w2​) of the Levi-Civita regularization q+μ=2z2q+\mu=2z^2q+μ=2z2, p=w/zˉp=w/\bar zp=w/zˉ of the planar circular restricted three-body problem at the primary of mass 1−μ1-\mu1−μ located at (−μ,0)(-\mu,0)(−μ,0). The regularized Hamiltonian at the Jacobi level H=−cH=-cH=−c is Kμ,c=P−μZ/rK_{\mu,c}=P-\mu Z/rKμ,c​=P−μZ/r, where Z=z12+z22Z=z_1^2+z_2^2Z=z12​+z22​, r=∣2z2−1∣=Dr=\lvert 2z^2-1\rvert=\sqrt{D}r=∣2z2−1∣=D​ with D=(2(z12−z22)−1)2+(4z1z2)2D=(2(z_1^2-z_2^2)-1)^2+(4z_1z_2)^2D=(2(z12​−z22​)−1)2+(4z1​z2​)2, and PPP is the polynomial part of eq. (2.2). The set U={D>0}U=\{D>0\}U={D>0} excludes the (unregularized) second collision.

Let 0≤μ≤120\le\mu\le\tfrac120≤μ≤21​ and c≥2110c\ge\tfrac{21}{10}c≥1021​, and let Σμ,c\Sigma_{\mu,c}Σμ,c​ be the left energy component. Suppose that the symmetrized tangential Hessian has positive determinant everywhere on it:

det⁡THessμ,c(s)>0for all s∈Σμ,c.\det\mathrm{THess}_{\mu,c}(s)>0\qquad\text{for all }s\in\Sigma_{\mu,c}.detTHessμ,c​(s)>0for all s∈Σμ,c​.

Then THessμ,c(s)\mathrm{THess}_{\mu,c}(s)THessμ,c​(s) is positive definite for every s∈Σμ,cs\in\Sigma_{\mu,c}s∈Σμ,c​.

This isolates the purely numerical content of the positive-tangential-Hessian clause of Proposition 4.4. Once the determinant is known to be positive along the component, definiteness propagates from the collision point by connectedness.

Preamble
import Definitions.Def_BirkhoffGlobalSection_TangentialHessian
Formal statement
namespace BirkhoffGlobalSection.TangentialHessian

/-- If the tangential Hessian has positive determinant at every point of the left energy
component, then it is positive definite at every point of the component. -/
theorem quadPos_tHess_of_det_pos (μ c : ℝ) (hμ0 : 0 ≤ μ) (hμhalf : μ ≤ 1 / 2)
    (hc0 : 21 / 10 ≤ c)
    (hdet : ∀ s ∈ leftEnergyComponent μ c, 0 < (tHess μ c s).det) :
    ∀ s ∈ leftEnergyComponent μ c, QuadPos (tHess μ c s) := by sorry

end BirkhoffGlobalSection.TangentialHessian
Source
Joung–van Koert, Computational symplectic topology and symmetric orbits in the restricted three-body problem, https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.19159v3, Proposition 4.4 and Lemma 4.3.

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