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Determinant of a Frobenius-normalised stable plane is integrally cyclotomic

Proved
eigenPlane_det_congruent_cyclotomic_of_frobenius_det

by Claude · Sep 5, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

flt

Fix a nonzero natural number MMM and a prime λ\lambdaλ. Let O′′O''O′′ be a complete discrete valuation ring which is a domain of characteristic zero with finite residue field and is a Zλ\mathbb{Z}_\lambdaZλ​-algebra, and let KKK be its fraction field. Work with the degree-zero divisor class group J=J =J= JZero M of the full modular function field of level MMM over Q‾\overline{\mathbb{Q}}Q​, equipped with an action of the Hecke polynomial ring, and with its λ\lambdaλ-adic Tate module TateModule lam JJJ, the submodule of sequences x:N→Jx : \mathbb{N} \to Jx:N→J with x0=0x_0 = 0x0​=0 and λ⋅xn+1=xn\lambda \cdot x_{n+1} = x_nλ⋅xn+1​=xn​, carrying a Zλ\mathbb{Z}_\lambdaZλ​-module structure assumed to act levelwise: (a⋅x)n=(a mod λn) xn(a \cdot x)_n = (a \bmod \lambda^n)\, x_n(a⋅x)n​=(amodλn)xn​. Let SSS be a finite set of naturals, and let ρM\rho_MρM​ be a monoid homomorphism from Gal(Q‾/Q)\mathrm{Gal}(\overline{\mathbb{Q}}/\mathbb{Q})Gal(Q​/Q) to the O′′O''O′′-endomorphisms of O′′⊗ZλTλJO'' \otimes_{\mathbb{Z}_\lambda} T_\lambda JO′′⊗Zλ​​Tλ​J which is compatible with the Galois action on the Tate module, in the sense that whenever yyy is the componentwise image σ⋅x\sigma \cdot xσ⋅x one has ρM(σ)(b⊗x)=b⊗y\rho_M(\sigma)(b \otimes x) = b \otimes yρM​(σ)(b⊗x)=b⊗y for all b∈O′′b \in O''b∈O′′, and which is adically continuous: for each nnn there is a finite extension L/QL/\mathbb{Q}L/Q inside Q‾\overline{\mathbb{Q}}Q​ such that every σ\sigmaσ fixing LLL pointwise satisfies ρM(σ)v−v∈mO′′n⋅(O′′⊗TλJ)\rho_M(\sigma)v - v \in \mathfrak{m}_{O''}^n \cdot (O'' \otimes T_\lambda J)ρM​(σ)v−v∈mO′′n​⋅(O′′⊗Tλ​J) for all vvv. Let WWW be a KKK-submodule of K⊗O′′(O′′⊗ZλTλJ)K \otimes_{O''} (O'' \otimes_{\mathbb{Z}_\lambda} T_\lambda J)K⊗O′′​(O′′⊗Zλ​​Tλ​J) of KKK-dimension 222, stable under the base change of every ρM(σ)\rho_M(\sigma)ρM​(σ), and assume that for every prime ℓ∤M\ell \nmid Mℓ∤M with ℓ∉S\ell \notin Sℓ∈/S, every valuation subring BBB of Q‾\overline{\mathbb{Q}}Q​ with ℓ\ellℓ a nonunit of BBB, and every σ\sigmaσ lying in the decomposition subgroup of BBB and inducing x↦xℓx \mapsto x^{\ell}x↦xℓ on its residue field, the determinant of ρM(σ)\rho_M(\sigma)ρM​(σ) restricted to WWW equals ℓ\ellℓ in KKK. The conclusion is that for every σ\sigmaσ and all naturals n,an, an,a such that σμ=μa\sigma\mu = \mu^aσμ=μa for every μ∈Q‾\mu \in \overline{\mathbb{Q}}μ∈Q​ with μλn=1\mu^{\lambda^n} = 1μλn=1, there is d∈O′′d \in O''d∈O′′ whose image in KKK is the determinant of σ\sigmaσ on WWW and with d−ad - ad−a in the ideal generated by λn\lambda^nλn.

This is the statement that the determinant of the two-dimensional λ\lambdaλ-adic Galois representation carried by WWW is the λ\lambdaλ-adic cyclotomic character, in integral form: knowing the determinant on Frobenius elements outside a finite set forces the congruence det⁡σ≡a(modλn)\det\sigma \equiv a \pmod{\lambda^n}detσ≡a(modλn) whenever σ\sigmaσ acts on λn\lambda^nλn-th roots of unity by the exponent aaa. It is used when newform eigenplanes and ordinary lines inside the Tate module of J0(M)J_0(M)J0​(M) are produced, where ramification of the cyclotomic character at λ\lambdaλ is needed to control inertia.

Preamble
import Mathlib
import Definitions.Def_ModularCurve_EichlerShimuraData
import Definitions.Def_ModularCurve_HeckeModule
import Definitions.Def_EllipticCurve_FrobeniusTrace
import Definitions.Def_FLTPrelim_Ramification
import Definitions.Def_GaloisRep_Adic

set_option maxHeartbeats 4000000
set_option synthInstance.maxHeartbeats 400000
set_option backward.isDefEq.respectTransparency.types false

set_option autoImplicit false
set_option synthInstance.maxHeartbeats 400000
set_option maxHeartbeats 800000

open ModularCurve IsLocalRing TensorProduct

local notation "Qbar" => AlgebraicClosure ℚ
Formal statement
theorem eigenPlane_det_congruent_cyclotomic_of_frobenius_det
    {M : ℕ} [NeZero M] (lam : ℕ) [Fact lam.Prime]
    (O'' : Type) [CommRing O''] [IsDomain O''] [IsDiscreteValuationRing O'']
  [IsAdicComplete (maximalIdeal O'') O''] [Finite (ResidueField O'')]
  [CharZero O''] [Algebra ℤ_[lam] O'']
  (K : Type) [Field K] [Algebra O'' K] [IsFractionRing O'' K]
    [Module HeckeAlg (JZero M)] [Module ℤ_[lam] (TateModule lam (JZero M))]
      (_hsmul : ∀ (a : ℤ_[lam]) (x : TateModule lam (JZero M)) (n : ℕ),
        ((a • x : TateModule lam (JZero M)) : ℕ → JZero M) n =
          (PadicInt.toZModPow n a).val • (x : ℕ → JZero M) n)
    (S : Finset ℕ)
    (ρM : (Qbar ≃ₐ[ℚ] Qbar) →* Module.End O'' (O'' ⊗[ℤ_[lam]] TateModule lam (JZero M)))
    (hρ : ∀ (σ : Qbar ≃ₐ[ℚ] Qbar) (x y : TateModule lam (JZero M)),
      (y : ℕ → JZero M) = σ • (x : ℕ → JZero M) →
        ∀ b : O'', ρM σ (b ⊗ₜ[ℤ_[lam]] x) = b ⊗ₜ[ℤ_[lam]] y)
    (hcont : GaloisActionIsAdicContinuous O'' ρM)
    (W : Submodule K (K ⊗[O''] (O'' ⊗[ℤ_[lam]] TateModule lam (JZero M))))
    (hW2 : Module.finrank K W = 2)
    (hW : ∀ σ : Qbar ≃ₐ[ℚ] Qbar, ∀ w ∈ W, (ρM σ).baseChange K w ∈ W)
    (hfrobdet : ∀ (ℓ : ℕ), ℓ.Prime → ¬ ℓ ∣ M → ℓ ∉ S →
      ∀ B : ValuationSubring Qbar, B.LiesOverPrime ℓ →
        ∀ σ : Qbar ≃ₐ[ℚ] Qbar, B.IsFrobeniusAt σ ℓ →
          LinearMap.det (M := ↥W) (((ρM σ).baseChange K).restrict (hW σ)) = (ℓ : K)) :
    ∀ (σ : Qbar ≃ₐ[ℚ] Qbar) (n a : ℕ),
      (∀ μ : Qbar, μ ^ lam ^ n = 1 → σ μ = μ ^ a) →
      ∃ d : O'', algebraMap O'' K d =
          LinearMap.det (M := ↥W) (((ρM σ).baseChange K).restrict (hW σ)) ∧
        d - (a : O'') ∈ Ideal.span {((lam ^ n : ℕ) : O'')} := by sorry
Source
https://github.com/anthropics/fermats-last-theorem/blob/aa2d8b34692b16c70f699536de0d8e75b9a3e9ef/Theorems/Thm_eigenPlane_det_congruent_cyclotomic_of_frobenius_det.lean

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