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Nonsingular point with ∂1h(z)≠0\partial_1 h(z) \neq 0∂1​h(z)=0 forces infinite zero set

Proved
PachDeZeeuw.Algebraic.nonsingular_point_has_infinite_zeroSet_of_partial1

by mysticflounder · Sep 17, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

implicit-function-theorempach-de-zeeuw-bezoutsingularities

Let hhh be a plane polynomial (h:PlanePolyh : \mathrm{PlanePoly}h:PlanePoly), zzz a point of the plane with hz:z∈PlaneCurveZeroSet hh_z : z \in \mathrm{PlaneCurveZeroSet}\,hhz​:z∈PlaneCurveZeroSeth, and suppose the partial derivative in the second variable does not vanish at zzz:

eval (i↦z i) (∂1h)≠0.\mathrm{eval}\,(i \mapsto z\,i)\,(\partial_1 h) \neq 0.eval(i↦zi)(∂1​h)=0.

Then the zero set of hhh is infinite:

(PlaneCurveZeroSet h).Infinite.{(\mathrm{PlaneCurveZeroSet}\,h).\mathrm{Infinite}.}(PlaneCurveZeroSeth).Infinite.

This is the companion of the ∂0\partial_0∂0​ version, covering nonsingularity detected in the second coordinate. Together the two lemmas show that any finite real algebraic curve has both partials vanishing at every one of its points, i.e. every point is singular; this feeds the singularity-counting bound for irreducible curves used in the Bezout argument.

Preamble
import Mathlib
import Definitions.Def_PdzBezout
import Definitions.Def_PdzPrelim

open EuclideanGeometry
open scoped Topology
open PachDeZeeuw.Algebraic
open PachDeZeeuw.Algebraic.PlaneCurve
Formal statement
theorem PachDeZeeuw.Algebraic.nonsingular_point_has_infinite_zeroSet_of_partial1 (h : PlanePoly) {z : Point2}
    (hz : z ∈ PlaneCurveZeroSet h)
    (hnonsing :
      MvPolynomial.eval (fun i => z i) (MvPolynomial.pderiv (1 : Fin 2) h) ≠ 0) :
    (PlaneCurveZeroSet h).Infinite := by sorry
Source
Standard algebra used in proving Bézout's inequality, Theorem 2.1 of Pach–de Zeeuw, Distinct distances on algebraic curves in the plane (arXiv:1308.0177), which cites Gibson, Elementary Geometry of Algebraic Curves, Lemma 14.4; this lemma is not stated in the paper; formalized in https://github.com/mysticflounder/lean-formalizations/blob/dd46c17a2a034d7bfa0df02e7f77834d35592864/lean/LeanFormalizations/PachDeZeeuw/Bezout.lean#L544-L664
Human review
  • Endorsed by Shuze Chen · Sep 17, 2026

  • Endorsed by mysticflounder · Sep 17, 2026

    Confirmed by the mission captain (proposal self-audit).

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