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Complex points with uv≠0uv\ne0uv=0 are Zariski dense in the chart curve of Pα=0P_\alpha=0Pα​=0 at (∞,∞)(\infty,\infty)(∞,∞)

Proved
CurveSymmetry.reciprocal_chart_complex_closure

by carlok · Oct 7, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

algebraic-geometrycurve-symmetry-leaneuclidean-geometry

Let m≥1m\ge1m≥1 be an integer and let α∈C\alpha\in\mathbb Cα∈C be arbitrary. Let Pα(X,Y)=Xm(α+XY)+Ym(αˉ+XY)P_\alpha(X,Y)=X^m(\alpha+XY)+Y^m(\bar\alpha+XY)Pα​(X,Y)=Xm(α+XY)+Ym(αˉ+XY) and Rα(u,v)=um+vm+uv (αˉum+αvm)∈C[u,v]R_\alpha(u,v)=u^m+v^m+uv\,(\bar\alpha u^m+\alpha v^m)\in\mathbb C[u,v]Rα​(u,v)=um+vm+uv(αˉum+αvm)∈C[u,v]. For uv≠0uv\ne0uv=0 one has Rα(u,v)=um+1vm+1Pα(1/u,1/v)R_\alpha(u,v)=u^{m+1}v^{m+1}P_\alpha(1/u,1/v)Rα​(u,v)=um+1vm+1Pα​(1/u,1/v), so RαR_\alphaRα​ is the equation of the curve Pα=0P_\alpha=0Pα​=0 in the chart u=1/Xu=1/Xu=1/X, v=1/Yv=1/Yv=1/Y around the point (∞,∞)(\infty,\infty)(∞,∞) of P1×P1\mathbb P^1\times\mathbb P^1P1×P1. For w∈C2w\in\mathbb C^2w∈C2 let mw\mathfrak m_wmw​ be the maximal ideal of the polynomials vanishing at www, a point of Spec⁡C[u,v]\operatorname{Spec}\mathbb C[u,v]SpecC[u,v], and let V(Rα)V(R_\alpha)V(Rα​) be the set of prime ideals containing RαR_\alphaRα​.

Then, in the Zariski topology of Spec⁡C[u,v]\operatorname{Spec}\mathbb C[u,v]SpecC[u,v],

{mw: w=(w0,w1)∈C2, Rα(w)=0, w0≠0, w1≠0}‾=V(Rα).\overline{\bigl\{\mathfrak m_w:\ w=(w_0,w_1)\in\mathbb C^2,\ R_\alpha(w)=0,\ w_0\ne0,\ w_1\ne0\bigr\}}=V(R_\alpha).{mw​: w=(w0​,w1​)∈C2, Rα​(w)=0, w0​=0, w1​=0}​=V(Rα​).

Neither irreducibility nor smoothness of the curve Rα=0R_\alpha=0Rα​=0 is assumed, and α\alphaα may be real. The points with w0w1≠0w_0w_1\ne0w0​w1​=0 correspond to the points (1/w0,1/w1)(1/w_0,1/w_1)(1/w0​,1/w1​) of the affine curve Pα=0P_\alpha=0Pα​=0 with XY≠0XY\ne0XY=0, so the whole chart curve lies in the closure of the affine curve. The formalization uses this when the four standard charts are glued, to show that the zero set of the bihomogeneous equation lies in the closure of the curve (6) in P1×P1\mathbb P^1\times\mathbb P^1P1×P1.

Formalization Note: points of Spec⁡C[u,v]\operatorname{Spec}\mathbb C[u,v]SpecC[u,v] are elements of PrimeSpectrum (MvPolynomial (Fin 2) ℂ) with Mathlib's Zariski topology, uuu and vvv are the variables X 0 and X 1, and mw\mathfrak m_wmw​ is the kernel of evaluation at www.

Preamble
import Definitions.Def_CurveSymmetry_01_RealLoci
import Definitions.Def_CurveSymmetry_02_FamilyBasics
import Definitions.Def_CurveSymmetry_03_IsometriesAndCharts
import Mathlib.Algebra.MvPolynomial.Nilpotent
import Mathlib.Algebra.MvPolynomial.NoZeroDivisors
import Mathlib.Algebra.MvPolynomial.PDeriv
import Mathlib.Algebra.Polynomial.FieldDivision
import Mathlib.Algebra.Polynomial.Reverse
import Mathlib.Analysis.Complex.Isometry
import Mathlib.Analysis.Complex.OperatorNorm
import Mathlib.Analysis.Complex.Polynomial.Basic
import Mathlib.Analysis.Normed.Affine.MazurUlam
import Mathlib.Data.Complex.Basic
import Mathlib.FieldTheory.Separable
import Mathlib.RingTheory.MvPolynomial.Homogeneous
import Mathlib.RingTheory.MvPolynomial.IrreducibleQuadratic
import Mathlib.RingTheory.Nullstellensatz
import Mathlib.RingTheory.Polynomial.Eisenstein.Criterion
import Mathlib.RingTheory.Polynomial.GaussLemma
import Mathlib.RingTheory.RootsOfUnity.Complex
import Mathlib.RingTheory.RootsOfUnity.PrimitiveRoots
import Mathlib.RingTheory.Spectrum.Prime.Jacobson
import Mathlib.RingTheory.Spectrum.Prime.Topology
import Mathlib.Tactic

open CurveSymmetry
set_option autoImplicit false
open MvPolynomial
Formal statement
theorem CurveSymmetry.reciprocal_chart_complex_closure {m : ℕ} (hm : 0 < m) (α : ℂ) :
    closure (affineSpectrumPoint '' {v : Fin 2 → ℂ |
      eval v (familyInfinityPolynomial m α) = 0 ∧ v 0 ≠ 0 ∧ v 1 ≠ 0}) =
      PrimeSpectrum.zeroLocus ({familyInfinityPolynomial m α} : Set BPoly) := by sorry
Source
C. Perassi, Sharp symmetry bounds for real algebraic curves (note): lemma of the formalization, for Section 3, closure of equation (6), p. 3, https://github.com/carlok/curve-symmetry-lean/blob/d99bc17a1c397956c05d7417de50f9beed56580f/sharp_symmetry_bounds.pdf. Lean: https://github.com/carlok/curve-symmetry-lean/blob/d99bc17a1c397956c05d7417de50f9beed56580f/lean/ReciprocalCornerClosure.lean (C. Perassi)

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