Every positive Collatz cycle contains an odd number
Provedcollatz_cycle_has_oddLet be the classical Collatz map, for even and for odd . Every positive periodic point of has an odd number somewhere in its orbit:
Mathematical role. This is the bridge between the classical map and its accelerated form. The Syracuse map is defined on odd inputs and collapses each ascending step together with the ensuing run of halvings; results about cycles are far easier to state and prove for , since a -cycle carries the arithmetic of the problem without the intervening halvings. To transfer any such result back to the classical map one must first know that a classical cycle meets the odd numbers at all — otherwise there is no point at which to start the accelerated dynamics.
The reason is immediate once stated: an orbit consisting entirely of even numbers halves at every step, so it strictly decreases, and a strictly decreasing orbit cannot return to its starting point. The hypothesis is essential, since is a fixed point whose orbit is entirely even.
Formalization note. Oddness is written as rather than ; over the two are equivalent. The index is unconstrained, though it may always be taken below .
import Mathlib import Definitions.Def_collatzStepMap
theorem collatz_cycle_has_odd (x p : ℕ) (hx : 0 < x) (hp : 0 < p)
(hcyc : collatzStep^[p] x = x) :
∃ i : ℕ, ¬ Even (collatzStep^[i] x) := by sorry