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Uniqueness of the local index of an isolated zero

Proved
FiniteEnergyPlane.hasZeroIndex_unique

by Mazecto · Nov 3, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

pseudoholomorphic-curvestopologywinding-numbers

Let f:C→Cf:\mathbb{C}\to\mathbb{C}f:C→C and z0∈Cz_0\in\mathbb{C}z0​∈C. If z0z_0z0​ is an isolated zero of fff of local index kkk and also of local index mmm, then k=mk=mk=m.

This makes the local index of an isolated zero a well-defined integer, so that index sums such as windπ\mathrm{wind}_\piwindπ​ (Hryniewicz (14)) do not depend on the chosen witnesses.

Formalization Note "Isolated zero of local index kkk" is HasZeroIndex f z₀ k: f(z0)=0f(z_0)=0f(z0​)=0, fff has no other zero in some closedBall z₀ r with r>0r>0r>0, and every counterclockwise circle t↦z0+ρe2πitt\mapsto z_0+\rho e^{2\pi i t}t↦z0​+ρe2πit with 0<ρ<r0<\rho<r0<ρ<r has winding number kkk under fff (HasLoopWind).

Preamble
import Definitions.Def_FiniteEnergyPlane_Winding
Formal statement
namespace FiniteEnergyPlane

/-- The local index of an isolated zero of a function `ℂ → ℂ` is unique. -/
theorem hasZeroIndex_unique {f : ℂ → ℂ} {z₀ : ℂ} {k m : ℤ} (hk : HasZeroIndex f z₀ k)
    (hm : HasZeroIndex f z₀ m) : k = m := by
  sorry

end FiniteEnergyPlane
Source
Standard (degree theory of loops in C∗\mathbb{C}^*C∗); used in U. Hryniewicz, Trans. AMS 364 (2012), Remark 3.20

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