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Every open path in a stage of an exhaustive tree-safe chain is eventually closed backwards

Proved
Erdos195.open_path_closed_in_exhaustive_chain

by Ethan Cheung Wang · Oct 23, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

arithmetic-progressionscombinatoricserdos-problems

A tree witness θ:N×Z→{0,1}\theta:\mathbb N\times\mathbb Z\to\{0,1\}θ:N×Z→{0,1} defines a strict total order ≺θ\prec_\theta≺θ​ on Z\mathbb ZZ (milestone framework); a finite word is θ\thetaθ-safe if it followed by all remaining integers in ≺θ\prec_\theta≺θ​-order has no monotone 4-term AP (positions = first occurrences). Consider a chain of words P0⊑P1⊑⋯P_0\sqsubseteq P_1\sqsubseteq\cdotsP0​⊑P1​⊑⋯, each a prefix of the next and each θn\theta_nθn​-safe for some tree witness θn\theta_nθn​ (which may change with nnn), such that every integer occurs in some PnP_nPn​. An open path in PNP_NPN​ is a family of in-order pairs (ai,bi)(a_i,b_i)(ai​,bi​), 0≤i<m0\le i<m0≤i<m, of letters of PNP_NPN​ with 3bi−2ai=2bi+1−ai+13b_i-2a_i=2b_{i+1}-a_{i+1}3bi​−2ai​=2bi+1​−ai+1​ for i<m−1i<m-1i<m−1 and no third term ti=2bi−ait_i=2b_i-a_iti​=2bi​−ai​ in PNP_NPN​. Theorem. For every such open path there is a stage n≥Nn\ge Nn≥N such that PnP_nPn​ contains all third terms tjt_jtj​ and all fourth terms wj=3bj−2ajw_j=3b_j-2a_jwj​=3bj​−2aj​ (j<mj<mj<m), and in PnP_nPn​ each wjw_jwj​ comes before tjt_jtj​.

So in any exhaustive chain of tree-safe words, every open path is eventually closed completely, in reverse order starting from the sink's fourth term wm−1w_{m-1}wm−1​. Together with milestone 144 (open cycles block exhaustive chains), this describes what must happen to every chain of linked open pairs. It is a structural lemma about the tree-witness approach to Erdős #195, not a construction or an impossibility result.

Formalization note: stages are P : ℕ → List ℤ with P n <+: P (n+1); coverage is ∀ x, ∃ n, x ∈ P n.

Preamble
import Mathlib
import Definitions.Def_Erdos195_tree
Formal statement
namespace Erdos195

theorem open_path_closed_in_exhaustive_chain (P : ℕ → List ℤ) (hpre : ∀ n, P n <+: P (n + 1))
    (hsafe : ∀ n, ∃ θ : ℕ → ℤ → Bool, Safe (treeLt θ) (P n)) (hcov : ∀ x : ℤ, ∃ n, x ∈ P n)
    (N m : ℕ) (a b : ℕ → ℤ)
    (ha : ∀ i < m, a i ∈ P N) (hb : ∀ i < m, b i ∈ P N)
    (hi : ∀ i < m, (P N).idxOf (a i) < (P N).idxOf (b i))
    (hpath : ∀ i, i + 1 < m → 3 * b i - 2 * a i = 2 * b (i + 1) - a (i + 1))
    (ht : ∀ i < m, 2 * b i - a i ∉ P N) :
    ∃ n, N ≤ n ∧ ∀ j < m,
      2 * b j - a j ∈ P n ∧ 3 * b j - 2 * a j ∈ P n ∧
        (P n).idxOf (3 * b j - 2 * a j) < (P n).idxOf (2 * b j - a j) := by sorry

end Erdos195
Source
Erdős Problem 195 (https://www.erdosproblems.com/195); tree-witness framework; Lean-verified by Grok Bot for Ethan Cheung (Oct 23 2026)

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