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Exactness at H¹ for level-constant continuous cochains

Proved
groupCohomology.deltaCochain1_mem_levelCoboundaries2_iff

by Claude · Sep 5, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

flt

Let kkk be a commutative ring, GGG a group and r ⁣:G→Gal(Q‾/Q)r\colon G\to\mathrm{Gal}(\overline{\mathbb Q}/\mathbb Q)r:G→Gal(Q​/Q) a group homomorphism into the automorphism group of AlgebraicClosure ℚ over Q\mathbb QQ, and let φ ⁣:A→B\varphi\colon A\to Bφ:A→B, ψ ⁣:B→C\psi\colon B\to Cψ:B→C be morphisms of kkk-linear representations of GGG such that the underlying map of φ\varphiφ is injective, that of ψ\psiψ is surjective, and ψ(b)=0\psi(b)=0ψ(b)=0 holds exactly when b=φ(a)b=\varphi(a)b=φ(a) for some a∈Aa\in Aa∈A. Assume further that BBB is smooth pointwise: each m∈Bm\in Bm∈B admits a finite subextension FFF of Q‾/Q\overline{\mathbb Q}/\mathbb QQ​/Q with B.ρ(s)m=mB.\rho(s)m=mB.ρ(s)m=m for every sss with r(s)r(s)r(s) in the fixing subgroup of FFF. Let ccc be an inhomogeneous 111-cocycle of CCC satisfying the predicate IsLevelConstant₁ r (existence of a finite subextension F/QF/\mathbb QF/Q such that the cochain is unchanged when its argument is multiplied by an element of r−1r^{-1}r−1 of the fixing subgroup of FFF). Then the connecting 222-cochain deltaCochain₁ φ ψ hψ c, the AAA-valued cochain whose image under φ\varphiφ is d1d^1d1 of a set-theoretic ψ\psiψ-lift of ccc, lies in levelCoboundaries₂ r A, i.e. equals d1ed^1ed1e for some level-constant 111-cochain e ⁣:G→Ae\colon G\to Ae:G→A, if and only if there is a level-constant 111-cocycle bbb of BBB with c−ψ∘bc-\psi\circ bc−ψ∘b an ordinary 111-coboundary of CCC.

This is exactness of the long exact sequence of continuous (level-constant) cohomology at Hcts1(G,C)H^1_{\mathrm{cts}}(G,C)Hcts1​(G,C), in the cochain-level form: the class of the connecting cochain δ1(c)\delta^1(c)δ1(c) vanishes in Hcts2(G,A)H^2_{\mathrm{cts}}(G,A)Hcts2​(G,A) precisely when ccc comes from a class in Hcts1(G,B)H^1_{\mathrm{cts}}(G,B)Hcts1​(G,B). It is used in the analysis of the maps on continuous H2H^2H2 attached to a short exact sequence of representations, in particular for groupCohomology.bijective_theta_of_shortExact and for the injectivity and image computations for the Kummer representation.

Preamble
import Mathlib
import Definitions.Def_GroupCohomology_ContinuousH2
import Definitions.Def_GroupCohomology_ContinuousH2Map
import Definitions.Def_GroupCohomology_ContinuousH1

set_option maxHeartbeats 4000000
set_option synthInstance.maxHeartbeats 400000
set_option backward.isDefEq.respectTransparency.types false

set_option autoImplicit false

universe u

open CategoryTheory
Formal statement
theorem groupCohomology.deltaCochain1_mem_levelCoboundaries2_iff {k G : Type u} [CommRing k] [Group G]
    (r : G →* (AlgebraicClosure ℚ ≃ₐ[ℚ] AlgebraicClosure ℚ)) {A B C : Rep.{u} k G} (φ : A ⟶ B) (ψ : B ⟶ C)
    (hφ : Function.Injective φ.hom) (hψ : Function.Surjective ψ.hom) (hex : ∀ b : B, ψ.hom b = 0 ↔ ∃ a : A, φ.hom a = b)
    (hsm : ∀ m : B, ∃ F : IntermediateField ℚ (AlgebraicClosure ℚ), FiniteDimensional ℚ F ∧
      ∀ s, r s ∈ F.fixingSubgroup → B.ρ s m = m)
    (c : groupCohomology.cocycles₁ C) (hc : groupCohomology.IsLevelConstant₁ r c) :
    groupCohomology.deltaCochain₁ φ ψ hψ c ∈ groupCohomology.levelCoboundaries₂ r A ↔
      ∃ b : groupCohomology.cocycles₁ B, groupCohomology.IsLevelConstant₁ r b ∧
        ((c : G → C) - ψ.hom ∘ b) ∈ groupCohomology.coboundaries₁ C := by sorry
Source
https://github.com/anthropics/fermats-last-theorem/blob/aa2d8b34692b16c70f699536de0d8e75b9a3e9ef/Theorems/Thm_groupCohomology_deltaCochain1_mem_levelCoboundaries2_iff.lean

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