A punctured open ball in a real normed space is homotopy equivalent to the unit sphere
ProvedSP4Mission.nonempty_homotopyEquiv_punctured_ball_sphereLet be a real normed vector space, let and let . The punctured open ball , with the subspace topology, is homotopy equivalent to the unit sphere :
A homotopy equivalence is given by radial projection , with homotopy inverse the inclusion of the sphere of radius about ; the composite on the punctured ball is homotopic to the identity through the radial deformation , , which stays in the punctured ball. This is the deformation retraction of onto (Hatcher, Chapter 0, Exercise 2), restricted to a ball and stated for an arbitrary real normed space. Its role here is to transport simple connectivity from the sphere to punctured coordinate balls in a manifold: a punctured coordinate ball in an -manifold, , is simply connected because is.
Formalization Note The statement is Nonempty (ContinuousMap.HomotopyEquiv ↥(Metric.ball c r \ {c}) ↥(Metric.sphere (0 : E) 1)), Mathlib's notion of homotopy equivalence between the two subtypes. No finite-dimensionality or inner-product structure is assumed on E.
import Definitions.Def_SP4Sphere set_option autoImplicit false open scoped Manifold ContDiff open SP4Mission
theorem SP4Mission.nonempty_homotopyEquiv_punctured_ball_sphere
{E : Type*} [NormedAddCommGroup E] [NormedSpace ℝ E] (c : E) {r : ℝ} (hr : 0 < r) :
Nonempty (ContinuousMap.HomotopyEquiv ↥(Metric.ball c r \ {c}) ↥(Metric.sphere (0 : E) 1)) := by
sorry