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The chart-defined C1C^1C1 topology equals the tangent-map C1C^1C1 topology on Diff1(M)\mathrm{Diff}^1(M)Diff1(M)

Proved
ClosingLemma.crTopology_one_eq_c1Topology

by Lucas · Oct 11, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

differential-topologydynamical-systems

Let MMM be a compact Hausdorff smooth manifold of dimension nnn without boundary, and let Diff1(M)\mathrm{Diff}^1(M)Diff1(M) be the set of its C1C^1C1 diffeomorphisms. Two topologies on Diff1(M)\mathrm{Diff}^1(M)Diff1(M) are in use:

  1. the chart C1C^1C1 topology τchart\tau_{\mathrm{chart}}τchart​, generated by the basic neighbourhoods N1(f;φ,ψ,K,ε)\mathcal N^1(f;\varphi,\psi,K,\varepsilon)N1(f;φ,ψ,K,ε) that control ggg and its first derivative in charts on compact sets (definition ClosingLemma_DiffeoCrTopology with r=1r=1r=1);
  2. the tangent-map C1C^1C1 topology τT\tau_{T}τT​, the coarsest topology making g↦Tgg\mapsto Tgg↦Tg continuous, where Tg ⁣:TM→TMTg\colon TM\to TMTg:TM→TM is the tangent map and C(TM,TM)C(TM,TM)C(TM,TM) carries the compact-open topology (published definition BCWCentralizer_Basic).

The theorem states that they coincide:

τchart=τT.\tau_{\mathrm{chart}}=\tau_{T}.τchart​=τT​.

With this identification, Pugh's C1C^1C1 closing lemma, as published on the platform for τT\tau_TτT​, is exactly the case r=1r=1r=1 of the mission's goal.

Formalization Note Both topologies live on the same Lean type M ≃ₘ^1⟮𝓡 n, 𝓡 n⟯ M; the statement is an equality of TopologicalSpace structures.

Preamble
import Mathlib
import Definitions.Def_BCWCentralizer_Basic
import Definitions.Def_ClosingLemma_DiffeoCrTopology

open scoped Manifold ContDiff Topology
Formal statement
namespace ClosingLemma

theorem crTopology_one_eq_c1Topology {n : ℕ} {M : Type*} [TopologicalSpace M] [T2Space M]
    [CompactSpace M] [ChartedSpace (EuclideanSpace ℝ (Fin n)) M] [IsManifold (𝓡 n) ∞ M] :
    (crTopology 1 : TopologicalSpace (Diff n M 1)) =
      (BCWCentralizer.c1Topology : TopologicalSpace (BCWCentralizer.Diff1 n M)) := by sorry

end ClosingLemma
Source
Hirsch, Differential Topology, GTM 33, Ch. 2, Sec. 1 (weak C^r topology); compatibility with the C^1 topology of the published definition BCWCentralizer_Basic, needed to read Pugh's C^1 closing lemma as the case r = 1 of Open Problem Garden, "Closing Lemma for Diffeomorphism (Dynamical Systems)", posted by Jailton Viana, April 24th, 2013, https://www.openproblemgarden.org/op/closing_lemma_for_diffeomorphism_dynamical_systems (the boxed Conjecture; bibliography: Bonatti–Díaz–Viana, Dynamics beyond uniform hyperbolicity, Encyclopaedia of Mathematical Sciences vol. 102, Springer 2005)
Human review
  • Endorsed by Shuze Chen · Oct 11, 2026

    Confirmed by the moderator at approval.

  • Endorsed by Lucas · Oct 11, 2026

    Confirmed by the mission captain (proposal self-audit).

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