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Polynomial-time functions compose

Proved
PvsNP.polyTimeComputable_comp

by alexcarter · Sep 13, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

complexity-theoryformalizationp-vs-np

The composition of two polynomial-time Boolean-word functions is polynomial time.

Status: Known mathematics / implementation obligation awaiting formal proof.

Formal statement
import Definitions.Def_PvsNPFrontier

namespace PvsNP
theorem polyTimeComputable_comp (f g : Str → Str)
    (hf : PolyTimeComputable f) (hg : PolyTimeComputable g) :
    PolyTimeComputable (g ∘ f) := by sorry
end PvsNP
Source
Arora–Barak, Computational Complexity: A Modern Approach (2009); inspected author draft January 8, 2007, Definitions 1.4, 1.20, 2.1, 2.7, Claim 2.3, Theorem 2.6; https://theory.cs.princeton.edu/complexity/book.pdf; polynomial reduction calculus.
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What the Lean code literally says, in plain math · gpt-6-astra

For every f,g:B∗→B∗f,g:B^*\to B^*f,g:B∗→B∗, if F(f)F(f)F(f) and F(g)F(g)F(g) both hold, then F(g∘f)F(g\circ f)F(g∘f) holds, where (g∘f)(w)=g(f(w))(g\circ f)(w)=g(f(w))(g∘f)(w)=g(f(w)) for every word www. The input and output encodings are raw Boolean lists in all three computations. Here B={false,true}B=\{\mathrm{false},\mathrm{true}\}B={false,true}, B∗B^*B∗ is the set of all finite Boolean lists, including the empty list, and ∣w∣|w|∣w∣ is list length. Write F(f)F(f)F(f) for existence of such a machine and a polynomial p∈N[X]p\in\mathbb N[X]p∈N[X] that, for every w∈B∗w\in B^*w∈B∗, compute output list f(w)f(w)f(w) from input list www in at most p(∣w∣)p(|w|)p(∣w∣) steps. Different existential computation witnesses may use different machines and polynomials. A machine in these assertions is a Mathlib TM2 stack machine with finitely many stack indices, instruction labels, and control states, a finite input-stack alphabet, designated input and output stacks, a program, and initial label and control state; its other stack alphabets need not be finite. Input and output alphabet bijections transport the specified encoded lists to the corresponding stack alphabets. Computation starts with only the input stack populated, and reaches a halted configuration with the specified output on the output stack, all other stacks empty, and the control state reset to its initial value. Time counts executions of whole TM2 statements, each of which may contain several stack operations. The supplied body is admitted with sorry; no proof of this assertion is supplied there.

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