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In the real pencil space span(1, u, ū, g, ḡ), g = G(v) + κ conj(v G(v)), v = u/s, the free triple (1/u, 1, g) and its u-multiple lie in the span: Theorem F's shape D1

Proved
DiazModulus.laurent_real_pencil_class_space_u_multiplier_triple

by carlok · Oct 23, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

diaz-modulus-leannumber-theorytranscendence

Let u∈Cu \in \mathbb{C}u∈C be transcendental, that is, u∉Q‾u \notin \overline{\mathbb{Q}}u∈/Q​ (the algebraic numbers); spans and linear independence are over Q‾\overline{\mathbb{Q}}Q​. Let s∈Q‾s \in \overline{\mathbb{Q}}s∈Q​ with s2=uuˉs^2 = u\bar us2=uuˉ, and put v=u/sv = u/sv=u/s. Let κ∈Q‾\kappa \in \overline{\mathbb{Q}}κ∈Q​ with κκˉ=1\kappa\bar\kappa = 1κκˉ=1 and G∈Q‾[X]G \in \overline{\mathbb{Q}}[X]G∈Q​[X] with deg⁡G≥1\deg G \geq 1degG≥1, put g=G(v)+κ vG(v)‾g = G(v) + \kappa\,\overline{vG(v)}g=G(v)+κvG(v)​ and W=span(1,u,uˉ,g,gˉ)W = \mathrm{span}(1, u, \bar u, g, \bar g)W=span(1,u,uˉ,g,gˉ​). Then t=(u−1,1,g)t = (u^{-1}, 1, g)t=(u−1,1,g) is linearly independent, and tj∈Wt_j \in Wtj​∈W and utj∈Wut_j \in Wutj​∈W for j=0,1,2j = 0, 1, 2j=0,1,2.

So WWW satisfies Theorem F's condition (D1). Theorem E's real pencil class (R) asks in addition G(0)=0G(0) = 0G(0)=0 and deg⁡G≥2\deg G \geq 2degG≥2, so every hull of class (R) has shape (D1).

Proof. As u≠0u \neq 0u=0, s2=∣u∣2>0s^2 = |u|^2 > 0s2=∣u∣2>0 makes sss real and non-zero. Hence vvˉ=uuˉ/s2=1v\bar v = u\bar u/s^2 = 1vvˉ=uuˉ/s2=1, v∉Q‾v \notin \overline{\mathbb{Q}}v∈/Q​ (otherwise u=svu = svu=sv would be algebraic), and u−1=s−1vˉu^{-1} = s^{-1}\bar vu−1=s−1vˉ. Freeness: the real pencil normal form node (DiazModulus.laurent_real_pencil_normal_form_carries_two_by_three_configuration, 10.92) makes (vˉ,1,g)(\bar v, 1, g)(vˉ,1,g) linearly independent, and a relation au−1+b+cg=0au^{-1} + b + cg = 0au−1+b+cg=0 is the relation (a/s)vˉ+b+cg=0(a/s)\bar v + b + cg = 0(a/s)vˉ+b+cg=0, so a=b=c=0a = b = c = 0a=b=c=0. Membership: u−1=s−2uˉu^{-1} = s^{-2}\bar uu−1=s−2uˉ, 111 and ggg lie in WWW. Multiples: u⋅u−1=1u \cdot u^{-1} = 1u⋅u−1=1 and u⋅1=uu \cdot 1 = uu⋅1=u lie in WWW, and vg=vG(v)+κvvˉ G(v)‾=κgˉvg = vG(v) + \kappa v\bar v\,\overline{G(v)} = \kappa\bar gvg=vG(v)+κvvˉG(v)​=κgˉ​, because vvˉ=1v\bar v = 1vvˉ=1 and κκˉ=1\kappa\bar\kappa = 1κκˉ=1; so ug=svg=sκgˉ∈Wug = svg = s\kappa\bar g \in Wug=svg=sκgˉ​∈W.

Novelty. Not found in the sources read; routine. It follows from DiazModulus.laurent_real_pencil_normal_form_carries_two_by_three_configuration (10.92), which gives the configuration of class (R) with the triple (vˉ,1,g)(\bar v, 1, g)(vˉ,1,g): Theorem E's real pencil class (R) has Theorem F's shape (D1). The real pencil spaces are the project's (blueprint Prop. 10.42).

Preamble
import Definitions.Def_DiazModulus
Formal statement
open Complex ComplexConjugate

namespace DiazModulus

theorem laurent_real_pencil_class_space_u_multiplier_triple
    (u s : ℂ) (hu : u ∉ Qbar) (hs : s ∈ Qbar) (hss : s * s = u * conj u)
    (κ : ℂ) (hκ : κ ∈ Qbar) (hκ1 : κ * conj κ = 1) (G : Polynomial ↥Qbar) (hG : 1 ≤ G.natDegree) :
    LinearIndependent (↥Qbar) ![u⁻¹, 1, (Polynomial.aeval (u / s) G + κ * conj ((u / s) * Polynomial.aeval (u / s) G))] ∧
      ∀ j, ![u⁻¹, 1, (Polynomial.aeval (u / s) G + κ * conj ((u / s) * Polynomial.aeval (u / s) G))] j ∈
        Submodule.span Qbar ({1, u, conj u, (Polynomial.aeval (u / s) G + κ * conj ((u / s) * Polynomial.aeval (u / s) G)), conj (Polynomial.aeval (u / s) G + κ * conj ((u / s) * Polynomial.aeval (u / s) G))} : Set ℂ) ∧
        u * ![u⁻¹, 1, (Polynomial.aeval (u / s) G + κ * conj ((u / s) * Polynomial.aeval (u / s) G))] j ∈
        Submodule.span Qbar ({1, u, conj u, (Polynomial.aeval (u / s) G + κ * conj ((u / s) * Polynomial.aeval (u / s) G)), conj (Polynomial.aeval (u / s) G + κ * conj ((u / s) * Polynomial.aeval (u / s) G))} : Set ℂ) := by
  sorry

end DiazModulus
Source
Not found in the sources read. Theorem E's real pencil class (R) (DiazModulus.laurent_conj_hull_two_by_three_configuration_iff) in the coordinates of Theorem F (DiazModulus.rational_conj_hull_two_by_three_configuration_iff): the independence comes from DiazModulus.laurent_real_pencil_normal_form_carries_two_by_three_configuration (10.92) after a rescaling, and the memberships are checked directly. The real pencil spaces are the project's (blueprint Prop. 10.42, DiazModulus.conj_stable_real_pencil_space_carries_two_by_three_configuration). Uses DiazModulus.laurent_real_pencil_normal_form_carries_two_by_three_configuration. R21a of the Diaz modulus mission. Formal proof: Diaz modulus mission, 23 October 2026 (C. Perassi).

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