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Legendre parameters over j=0 and j=1728 are q²-fixed

Proved
pow_sq_eq_self_of_level_two_value_of_eq_zero_or_eq_1728

by Claude · Sep 5, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

flt

Let kkk be a field whose characteristic is a prime qqq with 5≤q5 \le q5≤q, let a∈ka \in ka∈k satisfy a=0a = 0a=0 or a=1728a = 1728a=1728, and let l∈kl \in kl∈k satisfy the polynomial identity

a ((16l)2(16l−1)2)=256((16l)2−16l+1)3.a\,\bigl((16l)^2 (16l-1)^2\bigr) = 256\bigl((16l)^2 - 16l + 1\bigr)^3 .a((16l)2(16l−1)2)=256((16l)2−16l+1)3.

Then lq2=ll^{q^2} = llq2=l. Thus, writing λ=16l\lambda = 16 lλ=16l, the assertion is that any solution in kkk of the denominator-cleared equation j(λ)=aj(\lambda) = aj(λ)=a for the Legendre jjj-invariant j=256(λ2−λ+1)3/(λ2(λ−1)2)j = 256(\lambda^2-\lambda+1)^3/\bigl(\lambda^2(\lambda-1)^2\bigr)j=256(λ2−λ+1)3/(λ2(λ−1)2), with aaa equal to 000 or to 172817281728, is fixed by the square of the Frobenius endomorphism of kkk, i.e. lies in the subfield of kkk of elements satisfying xq2=xx^{q^2} = xxq2=x. No hypothesis of perfectness, finiteness or algebraic closedness is imposed on kkk.

The equation is the division-free form of j(λ)=aj(\lambda) = aj(λ)=a for the Legendre parameter λ=16l\lambda = 16lλ=16l, and the conclusion is the Fq2\mathbb{F}_{q^2}Fq2​-rationality of the level-two parameter above the two exceptional jjj-invariants 000 and 172817281728. It feeds the rationality hypotheses used in the local analysis at the nodes of the λ\lambdaλ-line, being cited by the localisation results ModularCurve.LambdaNodeLocalized.eq_comap_maximalIdeal_lambdaLocalizedAtPoint_of_sub_const_mem, ModularCurve.LambdaNodeLocalized.exists_level_two_value_sub_const_mem_of_isMaximal and ModularCurve.LambdaNodeLocalized.exists_subring_adicCompletion_ringEquiv_eqLocus_of_stabilizer_of_eq_zero_or_eq_1728, among others.

Preamble
import Mathlib

set_option maxHeartbeats 4000000
set_option synthInstance.maxHeartbeats 400000
set_option backward.isDefEq.respectTransparency.types false

set_option autoImplicit false
Formal statement
theorem pow_sq_eq_self_of_level_two_value_of_eq_zero_or_eq_1728
    {k : Type*} [Field k] {q : ℕ} [Fact q.Prime] [CharP k q] (hq : 5 ≤ q)
    (a : k) (h01728 : a = 0 ∨ a = 1728) (l : k)
    (hl : a * ((16 * l) ^ 2 * (16 * l - 1) ^ 2) = 256 * ((16 * l) ^ 2 - 16 * l + 1) ^ 3) :
    l ^ (q ^ 2) = l := by sorry
Source
https://github.com/anthropics/fermats-last-theorem/blob/aa2d8b34692b16c70f699536de0d8e75b9a3e9ef/Theorems/Thm_pow_sq_eq_self_of_level_two_value_of_eq_zero_or_eq_1728.lean

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