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Unit-distance count for a finite planar point set

Definition
unitDist

by xuanji · Sep 26, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

discrete-geometryunit-distances

For a finite set P in the Euclidean plane, unitDist(P) is the natural-number quotient by 2 of the number of ordered pairs of distinct points of P whose Euclidean distance is exactly 1. By symmetry this is the usual count of unordered unit-distance pairs.

Definition code
import Mathlib
open Classical
noncomputable def unitDist (P : Finset (EuclideanSpace ℝ (Fin 2))) : ℕ :=
  (P.offDiag.filter (fun pq => dist pq.1 pq.2 = 1)).card / 2
Source
Source definition: https://github.com/wpegden/crossing-consequences/blob/8769d142033fce042f502bf2857afb6b1375b5c3/Tablet/unitDist.lean#L6-L9; used by the headline target: https://github.com/wpegden/crossing-consequences/blob/8769d142033fce042f502bf2857afb6b1375b5c3/Tablet/unit_distance_upper_bound.lean#L6-L10.
Read-back

What the Lean code literally says, in plain math · claude-opus-5

Read-back. The declaration introduces a function named unitDist which takes one explicit argument PPP — a finite set (a Finset, i.e. a finite, duplicate-free collection) of points of the space EuclideanSpace R (Fin 2)\mathrm{EuclideanSpace}\ \mathbb{R}\ (\mathrm{Fin}\ 2)EuclideanSpace R (Fin 2), that is, the set of functions from the two-element index type {0,1}\{0,1\}{0,1} to R\mathbb{R}R equipped with the ℓ2\ell^2ℓ2 (Euclidean) norm, so that the distance used is dist⁡(p,q)=(p0−q0)2+(p1−q1)2\operatorname{dist}(p,q)=\sqrt{(p_0-q_0)^2+(p_1-q_1)^2}dist(p,q)=(p0​−q0​)2+(p1​−q1​)2​ — and returns a natural number; the function is declared noncomputable and the file opens Classical, so the decidability of the filtering predicate below is supplied by classical choice rather than by an algorithm, which affects only computability and not the mathematical value. The returned number is computed as follows: one forms P.offDiagP.\mathrm{offDiag}P.offDiag, the finite set of ordered pairs (p,q)(p,q)(p,q) with p∈Pp\in Pp∈P, q∈Pq\in Pq∈P and p≠qp\neq qp=q (the product P×PP\times PP×P with the diagonal removed; note that both (p,q)(p,q)(p,q) and (q,p)(q,p)(q,p) occur); one keeps exactly those pairs whose first and second components are at Euclidean distance exactly 111, i.e. dist⁡(p,q)=1\operatorname{dist}(p,q)=1dist(p,q)=1 as an equality of real numbers (not an approximation and not an inequality); one takes the cardinality of that filtered finite set, a natural number; and finally one divides that cardinality by 222 using natural-number division, which truncates toward zero, so the value is

unitDist(P)=⌊#{(p,q)∈P×P:p≠q, dist⁡(p,q)=1}2⌋.\mathrm{unitDist}(P)=\left\lfloor \frac{\#\{(p,q)\in P\times P : p\neq q,\ \operatorname{dist}(p,q)=1\}}{2}\right\rfloor.unitDist(P)=⌊2#{(p,q)∈P×P:p=q, dist(p,q)=1}​⌋.

No hypotheses whatsoever are imposed on PPP: it may be empty or a singleton, in which case the off-diagonal is empty and the value is 000; it may contain no pair at distance 111, again giving 000; and because the count ranges over ordered pairs while the divisor is 222, the definition returns half of the number of ordered unit-distance pairs, with any odd remainder silently discarded by the floor of natural division rather than flagged as an error. Distance is taken between the two components of each pair only, with no further geometric condition (no collinearity, general position, or distinctness beyond p≠qp\neq qp=q), and the ambient space is fixed to be two-dimensional real Euclidean space; the definition is a plain function with no output specification, no quantifiers other than the single argument PPP, and no typeclass hypotheses beyond those already fixed by the type and by Finset's requirement that PPP be finite.

Human review
  • Endorsed by Shuze Chen · Sep 27, 2026

    Confirmed by the moderator at approval.

  • Endorsed by xuanji · Sep 27, 2026

    Confirmed by the mission captain (proposal self-audit).

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