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For integers 4 ≤ k < l, some difference occurs three times in {0, ±1, ±k, ±l} iff l ∈ {k+1, k+2, 2k−1, 2k, 2k+1, 3k}

Proved
DiazModulus.power_pair_difference_count_iff

by carlok · Oct 8, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

combinatoricsdiaz-modulus-leantranscendence

Let 4≤k<l4 \le k < l4≤k<l be integers and S={0,±1,±k,±l}S = \{0, \pm 1, \pm k, \pm l\}S={0,±1,±k,±l}. Some d>0d > 0d>0 has #{s∈S:s+d∈S}≥3\#\{s \in S : s + d \in S\} \ge 3#{s∈S:s+d∈S}≥3 if and only if l∈{k+1,k+2,2k−1,2k,2k+1,3k}l \in \{k + 1, k + 2, 2k - 1, 2k, 2k + 1, 3k\}l∈{k+1,k+2,2k−1,2k,2k+1,3k}.

Proof. The six cases have explicit witnesses (for l=2kl = 2kl=2k: d=kd = kd=k, s∈{0,−k,k}s \in \{0, -k, k\}s∈{0,−k,k}). Conversely, s↦−s−ds \mapsto -s - ds↦−s−d is an involution of {s∈S:s+d∈S}\{s \in S : s + d \in S\}{s∈S:s+d∈S}, so three elements contain two, xxx and yyy, with y∉{x,−x−d}y \notin \{x, -x - d\}y∈/{x,−x−d}; the pairs (x,x+d)(x, x + d)(x,x+d) and (y,y+d)(y, y + d)(y,y+d) then force a coincidence among the differences 1,2,k±1,k,2k,l−k,l±1,l,l+k,2l1, 2, k \pm 1, k, 2k, l - k, l \pm 1, l, l + k, 2l1,2,k±1,k,2k,l−k,l±1,l,l+k,2l, and a case analysis closed by linear arithmetic leaves exactly the six values of lll.

Novelty. Elementary.

Preamble
import Definitions.Def_DiazModulus
Formal statement
open Complex ComplexConjugate

namespace DiazModulus

theorem power_pair_difference_count_iff (k l : ℤ) (hk : 4 ≤ k) (hkl : k < l) :
    (∃ d : ℤ, 0 < d ∧ 3 ≤ (({0, 1, -1, k, -k, l, -l} : Finset ℤ).filter
      (fun s => s + d ∈ ({0, 1, -1, k, -k, l, -l} : Finset ℤ))).card) ↔
    (l = k + 1 ∨ l = k + 2 ∨ l = 2 * k - 1 ∨ l = 2 * k ∨ l = 2 * k + 1 ∨ l = 3 * k) := by
  sorry

end DiazModulus
Source
Elementary combinatorics; a step of R6 of the Diaz modulus mission (the polar-degree note). Formal proof: Diaz modulus mission, 8 October 2026 (C. Perassi).

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