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MTT interpolation from the two signed moment measures

Proved
MTT.interpolation_of_moments

by davidloeffler · Sep 5, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

modular-formsnumber-theoryp-adic-l-functions

If the two signed bounded measures realize every prescribed critical polynomial disk moment, their sum satisfies the full scalar period-normalized MTT interpolation identity for every primitive p-power-conductor character and critical exponent. The conductor-one case retains both Euler factors; positive conductor has multiplier α^(−n). Algebraic values bridge the two fixed embeddings.

Preamble
import Definitions.Def_MTT_Measures

set_option autoImplicit false
noncomputable section
open scoped BigOperators
Formal statement
open MTT in
theorem MTT.interpolation_of_moments
    {p N k : ℕ} [Fact p.Prime] (hN : 0 < N) (hk : 2 ≤ k)
    (ι : Qbar →+* ℂ) (ιp : Qbar →+* ℂ_[p]) (f : Eigenform N k ι)
    (P : Periods k ι f.form) (α : ℂ_[p]) (hα : IsOrdinaryRoot f ιp α)
    (μ : Bool → UnitMeasure p)
    (hμ : ∀ s, RealizesMoments f ιp P α s (μ s)) :
    Interpolates f ιp P.omega α (μ true + μ false) := by sorry
Source
Mazur–Tate–Teitelbaum, On p-adic analogues of the conjectures of Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer, Invent. Math. 84 (1986), https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01388731; Chapter I, §14 Proposition, pp. 20–21, applied to the two signed period-normalized components; (8.6) and (10.2).
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What the Lean code literally says, in plain math · GPT-6 (Codex)

For every prime natural number ppp, natural numbers N>0N>0N>0 and k≥2k\ge2k≥2, and unital ring homomorphisms ι:Q‾→C\iota:\overline{\mathbb Q}\to\mathbb Cι:Q​→C and ιp:Q‾→Cp\iota_p:\overline{\mathbb Q}\to\mathbb C_pιp​:Q​→Cp​, the following implication holds. Here Q‾\overline{\mathbb Q}Q​ is an algebraic closure of Q\mathbb QQ. Suppose fff consists of a weight-kkk cusp form FFF for Γ1(N)\Gamma_1(N)Γ1​(N), a Dirichlet character ε\varepsilonε modulo NNN with values in Q‾\overline{\mathbb Q}Q​, and coefficients an∈Q‾a_n\in\overline{\mathbb Q}an​∈Q​ for every natural nnn, such that the coefficient of degree nnn of the width-one qqq-expansion of FFF is ι(an)\iota(a_n)ι(an​), a1=1a_1=1a1​=1, and, for every γ=(ABCD)∈Γ0(N)\gamma=\left(\begin{smallmatrix}A&B\\C&D\end{smallmatrix}\right)\in\Gamma_0(N)γ=(AC​BD​)∈Γ0​(N) and every zzz in the complex upper half-plane, F(γz)=ι(ε(D))(Cz+D)kF(z)F(\gamma z)=\iota(\varepsilon(D))(Cz+D)^kF(z)F(γz)=ι(ε(D))(Cz+D)kF(z). Suppose also that for every prime natural ℓ\ellℓ and every such zzz, ℓ−1∑b=0ℓ−1F((z+b)/ℓ)+ι(ε(ℓ))ℓk−1F(ℓz)=ι(aℓ)F(z)\ell^{-1}\sum_{b=0}^{\ell-1}F((z+b)/\ell)+\iota(\varepsilon(\ell))\ell^{k-1}F(\ell z)=\iota(a_\ell)F(z)ℓ−1∑b=0ℓ−1​F((z+b)/ℓ)+ι(ε(ℓ))ℓk−1F(ℓz)=ι(aℓ​)F(z), including primes dividing NNN. Put It(r)=2π∫0∞F(r+iu)(r+iu)t duI_t(r)=2\pi\int_0^\infty F(r+iu)(r+iu)^t\,duIt​(r)=2π∫0∞​F(r+iu)(r+iu)tdu for natural ttt and rational rrr. Suppose a period system PPP supplies nonzero complex numbers Ωs\Omega_sΩs​ for s∈{true,false}s\in\{\mathrm{true},\mathrm{false}\}s∈{true,false} and values Vs(t,r)∈Q‾V_s(t,r)\in\overline{\mathbb Q}Vs​(t,r)∈Q​ for every such s,t,rs,t,rs,t,r, with ι(Vs(t,r))=[It(r)+σs(−1)tIt(−r)]/(2Ωs)\iota(V_s(t,r))=[I_t(r)+\sigma_s(-1)^tI_t(-r)]/(2\Omega_s)ι(Vs​(t,r))=[It​(r)+σs​(−1)tIt​(−r)]/(2Ωs​) whenever t≤k−2t\le k-2t≤k−2, where σtrue=1\sigma_{\mathrm{true}}=1σtrue​=1 and σfalse=−1\sigma_{\mathrm{false}}=-1σfalse​=−1, and with the Z\mathbb ZZ-submodule generated by all Vs(t,r)V_s(t,r)Vs​(t,r) with t≤k−2t\le k-2t≤k−2 finitely generated. Suppose α∈Cp\alpha\in\mathbb C_pα∈Cp​ satisfies ∥α∥=1\lVert\alpha\rVert=1∥α∥=1 and α2−ιp(ap)α+ιp(ε(p))pk−1=0\alpha^2-\iota_p(a_p)\alpha+\iota_p(\varepsilon(p))p^{k-1}=0α2−ιp​(ap​)α+ιp​(ε(p))pk−1=0. Let U=Zp×U=\mathbb Z_p^\timesU=Zp×​, let xc∈Cpx_c\in\mathbb C_pxc​∈Cp​ be the image of x∈Ux\in Ux∈U under Zp⊂Qp→Cp\mathbb Z_p\subset\mathbb Q_p\to\mathbb C_pZp​⊂Qp​→Cp​, and suppose μs:C(U,Cp)→Cp\mu_s:C(U,\mathbb C_p)\to\mathbb C_pμs​:C(U,Cp​)→Cp​ is a continuous Cp\mathbb C_pCp​-linear functional for each Boolean sss (these are the measures in the statement). Define As(j,a,m)=∑t=0j(jt)mtaj−tVs(t,−a/m)A_s(j,a,m)=\sum_{t=0}^j\binom jt m^t a^{j-t}V_s(t,-a/m)As​(j,a,m)=∑t=0j​(tj​)mtaj−tVs​(t,−a/m) in Q‾\overline{\mathbb Q}Q​ for rational a,ma,ma,m. Assume, for each sss, every natural n>0n>0n>0, every integer aaa relatively prime to ppp, and every natural j≤k−2j\le k-2j≤k−2, there exists a continuous function g:U→Cpg:U\to\mathbb C_pg:U→Cp​ equal to xcjx_c^jxcj​ when the reduction of xxx modulo pnp^npn equals the reduction of aaa, and equal to zero otherwise, such that μs(g)=α−nιp(As(j,a,pn))−ιp(ε(p))pk−2α−(n+1)ιp(As(j,a,pn−1))\mu_s(g)=\alpha^{-n}\iota_p(A_s(j,a,p^n))-\iota_p(\varepsilon(p))p^{k-2}\alpha^{-(n+1)}\iota_p(A_s(j,a,p^{n-1}))μs​(g)=α−nιp​(As​(j,a,pn))−ιp​(ε(p))pk−2α−(n+1)ιp​(As​(j,a,pn−1)). Then for every natural n≥0n\ge0n≥0, every primitive Q‾\overline{\mathbb Q}Q​-valued Dirichlet character χ\chiχ modulo m=pnm=p^nm=pn, and every natural j≤k−2j\le k-2j≤k−2, there exist a continuous function h:U→Cph:U\to\mathbb C_ph:U→Cp​ and an algebraic number v∈Q‾v\in\overline{\mathbb Q}v∈Q​ such that h(x)=ιp(χ(x mod m))xcjh(x)=\iota_p(\chi(x\bmod m))x_c^jh(x)=ιp​(χ(xmodm))xcj​ for all xxx, ι(v)=mj+1j! Lχ,j/[(−2πi)jG(χ−1)Ωs]\iota(v)=m^{j+1}j!\,L_{\chi,j}/[(-2\pi i)^jG(\chi^{-1})\Omega_s]ι(v)=mj+1j!Lχ,j​/[(−2πi)jG(χ−1)Ωs​], and (μtrue+μfalse)(h)=α−n(1−ιp(χ−1(p))ιp(ε(p))pk−2−j/α)(1−ιp(χ(p))pj/α)ιp(v)(\mu_{\mathrm{true}}+\mu_{\mathrm{false}})(h)=\alpha^{-n}(1-\iota_p(\chi^{-1}(p))\iota_p(\varepsilon(p))p^{k-2-j}/\alpha)(1-\iota_p(\chi(p))p^j/\alpha)\iota_p(v)(μtrue​+μfalse​)(h)=α−n(1−ιp​(χ−1(p))ιp​(ε(p))pk−2−j/α)(1−ιp​(χ(p))pj/α)ιp​(v). Here sss is true exactly when χ(−1)(−1)j=1\chi(-1)(-1)^j=1χ(−1)(−1)j=1 and is false otherwise; character arguments are residues at their displayed modulus; G(ψ)=∑a∈Z/mZι(ψ(a))exp⁡(2πia~/m)G(\psi)=\sum_{a\in\mathbb Z/m\mathbb Z}\iota(\psi(a))\exp(2\pi i\widetilde a/m)G(ψ)=∑a∈Z/mZ​ι(ψ(a))exp(2πia/m), with a~\widetilde aa the representative in {0,…,m−1}\{0,\ldots,m-1\}{0,…,m−1}; and Lχ,j=(2π)j+1j!∫0∞[G(χ)−1∑a∈Z/mZι(χ(a))F(iu+a~/m)]uj duL_{\chi,j}=\frac{(2\pi)^{j+1}}{j!}\int_0^\infty [G(\chi)^{-1}\sum_{a\in\mathbb Z/m\mathbb Z}\iota(\chi(a))F(iu+\widetilde a/m)]u^j\,duLχ,j​=j!(2π)j+1​∫0∞​[G(χ)−1∑a∈Z/mZ​ι(χ(a))F(iu+a/m)]ujdu. All these integrals are the total Bochner integrals with respect to real Lebesgue measure restricted to u>0u>0u>0, which take value zero if the integrand is not integrable; field inversion and division are total, with inverse of zero equal to zero, so no separate nonvanishing hypothesis is imposed on a Gauss sum. The assumptions on moments only involve positive depths, while the conclusion includes n=0n=0n=0, hence modulus one, and includes j=0j=0j=0 and the case k=2k=2k=2, in which j=0j=0j=0 is the only allowed moment. Natural subtractions occurring here agree with ordinary subtraction under the stated bounds, and α≠0\alpha\ne0α=0 follows from its norm. The values Vs(t,r)V_s(t,r)Vs​(t,r) for t>k−2t>k-2t>k−2 have no comparison requirement and do not enter these moment identities. No assumption that ppp is relatively prime to NNN is present, and the conclusion is conditional on the supplied period system and both measures, rather than asserting their existence or uniqueness.

Human review
  • Endorsed by Shuze Chen · Sep 5, 2026

  • Endorsed by davidloeffler · Sep 5, 2026

    Confirmed by the mission captain (proposal self-audit).

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