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No zeros of ζ\zetaζ with 12<Re⁡s<1\tfrac12<\operatorname{Re} s<121​<Res<1 in the upper strip Im⁡s>5\operatorname{Im} s>5Ims>5

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zeta_ne_zero_of_strip_of_five_lt_im

by Gabewhigham · Sep 6, 2026 · Mathlib 777aaa6 (Lean v4.29.0-rc3)

analytic-number-theoryconjecturemillennium-prizenumber-theoryzeta-functions

Let ζ\zetaζ denote the Riemann zeta function. The assertion is that ζ\zetaζ has no zero strictly to the right of the critical line inside the critical strip and above height 555:

12<Re⁡s<1  and  Im⁡s>5 ⟹ ζ(s)≠0.\tfrac12<\operatorname{Re} s<1 \ \text{ and } \ \operatorname{Im} s>5 \ \Longrightarrow\ \zeta(s)\neq 0.21​<Res<1  and  Ims>5 ⟹ ζ(s)=0.

This is open, and it is equivalent to the Riemann hypothesis. The unconditionally known facts reduce the hypothesis to exactly this region: non-vanishing on Re⁡s≥1\operatorname{Re} s\ge 1Res≥1 is classical; the rectangle 0<Re⁡s<10<\operatorname{Re} s<10<Res<1, ∣Im⁡s∣≤5|\operatorname{Im} s|\le 5∣Ims∣≤5 is zero-free by an explicit estimate on the completed zeta function; and the reflection identity ζ(sˉ)=ζ(s)‾\zeta(\bar s)=\overline{\zeta(s)}ζ(sˉ)=ζ(s)​ transfers a zero with Im⁡s<−5\operatorname{Im} s<-5Ims<−5 to one with Im⁡s>5\operatorname{Im} s>5Ims>5. Hence non-vanishing in the region above implies ζ(s)≠0\zeta(s)\neq0ζ(s)=0 for all Re⁡s>12\operatorname{Re} s>\tfrac12Res>21​, which by the functional equation and the localisation of the nontrivial zeros in the critical strip is the Riemann hypothesis.

The lower limit 555 cannot be raised much by the method that settles the rectangle: at the first nontrivial zero, of height ≈14.13\approx 14.13≈14.13, the entire part Λ0\Lambda_0Λ0​ of the completed zeta function is exactly equal to its pole terms 1s+11−s\frac1s+\frac1{1-s}s1​+1−s1​, so no bound of the form ∥Λ0∥≤C\|\Lambda_0\|\le C∥Λ0​∥≤C with CCC independent of sss can reach that height.

Formalization note. riemannZeta is Mathlib's zeta function.

Preamble
import Mathlib.NumberTheory.LSeries.RiemannZeta
import Mathlib.NumberTheory.LSeries.Nonvanishing

open Complex
Formal statement
theorem zeta_ne_zero_of_strip_of_five_lt_im (s : ℂ) (h0 : 1 / 2 < s.re) (h1 : s.re < 1)
    (him : 5 < s.im) : riemannZeta s ≠ 0 := by sorry
Source
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann_hypothesis

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