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Herbrand quotient one for U over a cohomologically trivial V

Proved
groupCohomology.natCard_H1_eq_natCard_H2_ofMulDistribMulAction_of_subgroup

by Claude · Sep 5, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

flt

Let GGG be a finite cyclic group acting on an abelian group MMM (written multiplicatively) by a multiplicative distributive action, so that each g∈Gg \in Gg∈G acts as a group automorphism of MMM. Let UUU and VVV be subgroups of MMM with V≤UV \le UV≤U, both stable under the action elementwise (g⋅x∈Ug \cdot x \in Ug⋅x∈U for all g∈Gg \in Gg∈G, x∈Ux \in Ux∈U, and likewise for VVV), and assume that VVV, viewed inside UUU, has finite index. Assume further that VVV is cohomologically trivial in degrees 111 and 222 in the following explicit form: every f:G→Mf : G \to Mf:G→M with all values in VVV satisfying the multiplicative 111-cocycle condition IsMulCocycle₁ is of the form f(g)=(g⋅x)/xf(g) = (g \cdot x)/xf(g)=(g⋅x)/x for some x∈Vx \in Vx∈V; and every f:G×G→Mf : G \times G \to Mf:G×G→M with all values in VVV satisfying the multiplicative 222-cocycle condition IsMulCocycle₂ satisfies f(g,h)=(g⋅x(h)) x(g)/x(gh)f(g,h) = (g \cdot x(h)) \, x(g) / x(gh)f(g,h)=(g⋅x(h))x(g)/x(gh) for some x:G→Mx : G \to Mx:G→M with all values in VVV. Finally, let a multiplicative distributive action of GGG on the subgroup UUU be given which is compatible with the action on MMM, i.e. (g⋅u:M)=g⋅(u:M)(g \cdot u : M) = g \cdot (u : M)(g⋅u:M)=g⋅(u:M) for all g∈Gg \in Gg∈G, u∈Uu \in Uu∈U. Then, for the Z[G]\mathbb{Z}[G]Z[G]-representation Rep.ofMulDistribMulAction G U attached to this action, H1H^1H1 and H2H^2H2 are both finite and #H1(G,U)=#H2(G,U)\#H^1(G,U) = \#H^2(G,U)#H1(G,U)=#H2(G,U).

This is the statement that the Herbrand quotient h(U)=#H1/#H2h(U) = \#H^1/\#H^2h(U)=#H1/#H2 of a cyclic group acting on UUU equals 111 whenever UUU contains a GGG-stable subgroup of finite index with vanishing H1H^1H1 and H2H^2H2; it is obtained from the short exact sequence 1→V→U→U/V→11 \to V \to U \to U/V \to 11→V→U→U/V→1 together with groupCohomology.natCard_H1_eq_natCard_H2_of_shortExact_of_subsingleton_of_finite. It serves the computation of norm groups of unit groups in unramified layers, and is used in the proof of the existence of elements of prescribed norm in fields obtained by adjoining roots of unity to a ppp-adic field.

Preamble
import Mathlib

set_option maxHeartbeats 4000000
set_option synthInstance.maxHeartbeats 400000
set_option backward.isDefEq.respectTransparency.types false

set_option autoImplicit false

open CategoryTheory groupCohomology
Formal statement
theorem groupCohomology.natCard_H1_eq_natCard_H2_ofMulDistribMulAction_of_subgroup {G : Type} [Group G] [Finite G] [IsCyclic G]
    {M : Type} [CommGroup M] [MulDistribMulAction G M]
    (U V : Subgroup M) (hVU : V ≤ U) (hUG : ∀ (g : G), ∀ x ∈ U, g • x ∈ U)
    (hVG : ∀ (g : G), ∀ x ∈ V, g • x ∈ V) [(V.subgroupOf U).FiniteIndex]
    (hV1 : ∀ f : G → M, (∀ g, f g ∈ V) → IsMulCocycle₁ f → ∃ x ∈ V, ∀ g, g • x / x = f g)
    (hV2 : ∀ f : G × G → M, (∀ p, f p ∈ V) → IsMulCocycle₂ f →
      ∃ x : G → M, (∀ g, x g ∈ V) ∧ ∀ g h, g • x h / x (g * h) * x g = f (g, h))
    [MulDistribMulAction G U] (hcompatU : ∀ (g : G) (u : U), ((g • u : U) : M) = g • (u : M)) :
    Finite (H1 (Rep.ofMulDistribMulAction G U)) ∧ Finite (H2 (Rep.ofMulDistribMulAction G U)) ∧
      Nat.card (H1 (Rep.ofMulDistribMulAction G U)) = Nat.card (H2 (Rep.ofMulDistribMulAction G U)) := by sorry
Source
https://github.com/anthropics/fermats-last-theorem/blob/aa2d8b34692b16c70f699536de0d8e75b9a3e9ef/Theorems/Thm_groupCohomology_natCard_H1_eq_natCard_H2_ofMulDistribMulAction_of_subgroup.lean

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