Negative terminal phase derivative on the square-root cone

For real variables $p,s,a,b,c$, set

$$K=a^2+b^2+c^2-2(ab+bc+ca),\qquad S=p^2+s^2,\qquad C=S+K.$$

The shear components and wall rates are

$$P=Kp-2a^2+b^2+c^2+ab-2bc+ac,$$ $$Q=Ks+\sqrt{3}(-b^2+c^2+ab-ac),$$ $$r_1=-S+2p,\qquad r_2=-S-p+\sqrt{3}s,\qquad r_3=-S-p-\sqrt{3}s.$$

These functions define the normalized vacuum Bianchi IX vector field $(P,Q,r_1a,r_2b,r_3c)$. For $y=(m,u,v,w)\in\mathbb R^4$, define

$$K(u,v,w)=u^2+v^2+w^2-2(uv+vw+wu),\qquad \kappa=u(v+w-u),$$ $$F_m=-v^2+w^2+u(v-w)-m\kappa,\qquad F_u=\tfrac12(1-m^2-(v-w)^2+u^2)u,$$ $$F_v=(m-1-\kappa)v,\qquad F_w=(-m-1-\kappa)w,\qquad F=(F_m,F_u,F_v,F_w),$$

and $E(m,v)=(m-1)^2+v^2$.

For $x=(p,s,a,b,c)$, put

$$\psi(p,z)=\frac{\sqrt3\,z}{1+p},\qquad \Pi(x)=(\psi(p,s),\psi(p,a),\psi(p,b),\psi(p,c)).$$

For $y=(m,u,v,w)$, set $D(y)=3+m^2+K(u,v,w)$ and

$$\Xi_A(y)=\left(A-1,\frac{Am}{\sqrt3},\frac{Au}{\sqrt3}, \frac{Av}{\sqrt3},\frac{Aw}{\sqrt3}\right),\qquad \Xi(y)=\Xi_{6/D(y)}(y).$$

Write $N(x)=(P,Q,r_1a,r_2b,r_3c)$ for the normalized vector field and $\mathcal C(x)=C(p,s,a,b,c)$ for its constraint.

The normalized and projective state spaces are $\mathbb R^5$ and $\mathbb R^4$ with their finite-product norms. The maps $\Pi,\Xi,D,F$ act on these state spaces.

The projective vector field in normalized time is

$$G(y)=\frac6{D(y)}F(y).$$

Write $X=\mathbb R^5$, $Y=\mathbb R^4$, and let $\alpha_{x,t_0}$ be the maximal solution of $\alpha'=N(\alpha)$ with initial value $x$ at $t_0$ and domain $I_{\max}(x,t_0)$. Put

$$J_{x,t_0}(t)=d_x\alpha_{x,t_0}(t),\qquad \Psi_{t_0}(y,t)=\Pi(\alpha_{\Xi(y),t_0}(t)),$$ $$\mathcal J_{y,t_0}(t)=d\Pi_{\alpha_{\Xi(y),t_0}(t)} \circ J_{\Xi(y),t_0}(t)\circ d\Xi_y.$$

For $Y=(k,u,w)\in\mathbb R^3$, define

$$e_-(Y)=(1-\sqrt{k^2-1},u,1,w),\quad x_Y=\Xi(e_-(Y)),\quad \beta_Y(t)=\Psi_0(e_-(Y),t),\quad g(x)=(\Pi(x))_v.$$

For any real height $\eta$, put

$$H_{\eta,Y}=\{t>0:t\in I_{\max}(x_Y,0),\ g(\alpha_{x_Y,0}(t))=\eta\},$$ $$T_\eta(Y)=\inf H_{\eta,Y},\qquad P_\eta(Y)=\beta_Y(T_\eta(Y)).$$

The infimum uses the total real-order convention. Let $\operatorname{TailValid}_\eta(Y)$ mean that $T_\eta(Y)$ is the least element of $H_{\eta,Y}$, and, writing $T=T_\eta(Y)$, that

$$t\in I_{\max}(x_Y,0),\quad 1+(\alpha_{x_Y,0}(t))_0>0 \quad(0\leq t\leq T),$$ $$g(\alpha_{x_Y,0}(t))>\eta\quad(0\leq t<T),$$ $$dg_{\alpha_{x_Y,0}(t)}N(\alpha_{x_Y,0}(t))<0,\quad |(\Pi(\alpha_{x_Y,0}(t)))_w|<1/2\quad(0\leq t\leq T).$$

All vector and operator norms use the finite-product supremum norms.

For $y\in\mathbb R^4$, put $x_y=\Xi(y)$,

$$T_+(y)=\inf\{t>0:t\in I_{\max}(x_y,0),\ (\Psi_0(y,t))_v=1\}, \qquad P_+(y)=\Psi_0(y,T_+(y)).$$

Let $V_+(y)$ mean that this infimum is a least element, the full interval $[0,T_+(y)]$ lies in the maximal domain with $1+(\alpha_{x_y,0}(t))_0>0$, the active wall is below one before the endpoint, and its normalized-time derivative is strictly positive throughout the interval. The infimum has its total real-order meaning.

For $y=(m,u,v,w)$ define the cyclic chart by

$$H(y)=(m+1)^2+K(u,v,w),\qquad \mathcal A(y)=(1-4(m+1)/H,4v/H,4w/H,4u/H).$$

Its normalized symmetry is

$$A(p,s,a,b,c)=((-p+\sqrt3s)/2,(-\sqrt3p-s)/2,b,c,a).$$

Put $z_h(Y)=\mathcal A(P_h(Y))$ and

$$\mathcal T(h,Y)=T_h(Y)+T_+(z_h(Y)),\qquad \mathcal P(h,Y)=P_+(z_h(Y)),\qquad x_Y^c=A\Xi(e_-(Y)).$$

Write $r(m,v)=\sqrt{(m-1)^2+v^2}$ and $g_*(x)=(\Pi(x))_v$.

On the invariant plane with zero active wall, use $y=(m,u,w)\in\mathbb R^3$, the inclusion $\iota(m,u,w)=(m,u,0,w)$ and the restriction $\pi_s(m,u,v,w)=(m,u,w)$. Define

$$f(y)=\left(mu^2-(m+1)uw+w^2, \frac{1-m^2-w^2+u^2}{2}u,-(m+1+uw-u^2)w\right),$$ $$\Delta(y)=3+m^2+(u-w)^2,\qquad f_o(y)=6f(y)/\Delta(y).$$

Write $J=df$, $H=d^2f$, $J_o=df_o$, $H_o=d^2f_o$ for their explicit Jacobian and Hessian expressions. The denominator derivatives are $d\Delta=(2m,2(u-w),2(w-u))$ and $d^2\Delta(v,z)=2v_0z_0+2(v_1-v_2)(z_1-z_2)$. The exact original-time boundary flow and its projected variation are

$$\Phi(y,t)=\pi_s\Psi_0(\iota y,t),\qquad L(y,t)=\pi_s\mathcal J_{\iota y,0}(t)\iota.$$

For a fixed scale $K$, set $\Phi_K(y,s)=\Phi(y,Ks)$, $L_K(y,s)=L(y,Ks)$ and $Q_K(y,s)=d_yL_K(y,s)$. For directions $v,z$, define

$$S_K(y,s;v,z)=K\left[H_o(\Phi_K)(L_Kv,L_Kz)+J_o(\Phi_K)Q_K(v,z)\right].$$

All vector norms are sup norms, and operator norms are induced by them. Write $b(y)=|u|+|w|$, $E(y)=e^{512b(y)}$, $v_s=(v_1,v_2)$, and

$$\mathcal H(y;v,z)=b(y)\|v\|\|z\|+\|v_s\|\|z\|+\|v\|\|z_s\|,$$ $$B_2(y)=192b(y)(40000E(y)^3)+10000E(y)^2.$$

The closed boundary region is $\mathcal S_c=\{(m,u,0,w):|m-c|\leq1/10,\ |u|,|w|\leq1/100\}$. The boundary projection $P(m,u,w)$ is the limit of $\Phi(m,u,w;t)_0$ as $t\to\infty$, using the total limit convention of the formal definitions.

Set $p(y)=P(y_0,y_1,y_3)$, $\rho(y)=\sqrt{(p(y)-1)^2+y_2^2}$, and $\chi(y)=(\rho(y),y_1,y_2,y_3)$. An admissible inverse $\psi$ at $y$ is $C^2$ at $\chi(y)$, maps $\chi(y)$ to $y$, and is a two-sided local inverse of $\chi$; its derivative is the inverse of the triangular derivative of $\chi$. In the following notation put $y_h=\mathcal A\circ P_h$ and $z_h=\chi\circ y_h$. Define

$$F_h(Y)=r(\mathcal P(h,Y)_0,\mathcal P(h,Y)_2),\quad D_h=F_h-(z_h)_0,\quad Q_h=2/F_h-2/(z_h)_0.$$

For $I(m,u)=(1+m^2+u^2)/m$ let

$$\lambda_+(I)=(I+\sqrt{I^2-4})/2,\qquad s(m,u)=2/(\lambda_+(I(m,u))-1).$$

Set $S_h=s((y_h)_0,(y_h)_1)$, $Q_h^s=2/(z_h)_0-S_h$, $E_h=2/F_h-S_h$, and $B_h=2/F_h$. The positive wall multipliers $m_0,m_1$ are defined by integrating the two multiplicative wall rates along the exact exit flow, so that $(P_h)_1=u m_0$ and $(P_h)_3=w m_1$. Write $B_i^h=4m_i/H(P_h)$ for $i=0,1$. For $Y=(2+2\alpha,u,w)$ let $h=\eta\alpha^J$. All derivatives of maps with subscript $h$ hold this height fixed. A cone direction is $d=(1,d_1,d_2)$ with $|d_1|\leq\sqrt u$, $|d_2|\leq\sqrt w$. There is $0<\delta\leq1/40000$ such that for $0<\eta_0\leq\delta$, $J\geq4$ there are $C\geq1$, $\varepsilon>0$ valid for $\eta_0\leq\eta\leq\delta$, $0<\alpha\leq1$, $0<b\leq\varepsilon\alpha^{2J}$, $u,w>0$, $u+w\leq b$. The tail is valid, $F_h$ is $C^2$ at $Y$, and $C\sqrt b\leq1/4$. For every cone direction, with $p=dF_h(Y)d$,

$$|\alpha^2p+1|\leq C\sqrt b,\qquad p<0,\qquad |p|\geq3/(4\alpha^2).$$

import Definitions.Def_BianchiIX_TerminalConnectionData
import Definitions.Def_BianchiIX_Dynamics_CoreTail
import Definitions.Def_BianchiIX_TerminalConeData
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.Deriv.Pow
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.Deriv.Mul
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.Deriv.Add
import Mathlib.Analysis.Real.Sqrt
import Mathlib.Tactic.Linarith
import Mathlib.Tactic.Ring
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.Deriv.Inv
import Mathlib.Tactic.FieldSimp
import Mathlib.Tactic.LinearCombination
import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Arsinh
import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Sqrt
import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Pow.Deriv
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.ContDiff.Operations
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.Deriv.Prod
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.MeanValue
import Mathlib.Data.Fin.VecNotation
import Mathlib.Tactic.FinCases
import Mathlib.Tactic.FunProp
import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Arcosh
import Mathlib.MeasureTheory.Integral.IntervalIntegral.FundThmCalculus
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.InverseFunctionTheorem.Deriv
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.Deriv.MeanValue
import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Integrals.Basic
import Mathlib.Analysis.ODE.ExistUnique
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.FDeriv.Partial
import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Log.Deriv
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.ImplicitContDiff
import Mathlib.Topology.Order.IntermediateValue
import Mathlib.Topology.Order.Compact
import Mathlib.Topology.Instances.Real.Lemmas
import Mathlib.Tactic.NormNum
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.FDeriv.Symmetric
import Mathlib.Tactic.Module
import Mathlib.Data.Matrix.Mul
import Mathlib.Algebra.BigOperators.Fin
import Mathlib.Data.Real.Basic
import Mathlib.Analysis.ODE.Gronwall
import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Trigonometric.ArctanDeriv
import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Trigonometric.DerivHyp
import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Log.Basic
import Mathlib.MeasureTheory.Integral.IntervalIntegral.DistLEIntegral
import Mathlib.Tactic.GCongr
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.Deriv.Slope
import Mathlib.Topology.Order.OrderClosed
import Mathlib.Topology.MetricSpace.Thickening
import Mathlib.Analysis.Normed.Module.FiniteDimension
import Mathlib.LinearAlgebra.Determinant
import Mathlib.Topology.Instances.Matrix
import Mathlib.LinearAlgebra.Matrix.Trace
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.FDeriv.Analytic
import Mathlib.Topology.Algebra.Module.Determinant
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.Deriv.Pi
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.ParametricIntervalIntegral
import Mathlib.MeasureTheory.Integral.DominatedConvergence
import Mathlib.Tactic.Positivity
import Mathlib.Topology.Order.ProjIcc
import Mathlib.LinearAlgebra.Matrix.ToLin
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.ContDiff.Comp
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.Deriv.Comp
import Mathlib.Topology.MetricSpace.Cauchy
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.UniformLimitsDeriv
import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.ImproperIntegrals
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.ParametricIntegral
import Mathlib.MeasureTheory.Integral.Bochner.ContinuousLinearMap
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.InverseFunctionTheorem.ContDiff
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.FDeriv.Mul
import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.ExpDeriv
import Mathlib.MeasureTheory.Integral.IntervalIntegral.IntegrationByParts
import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Pow.Real
import Mathlib.LinearAlgebra.Matrix.Notation

noncomputable section
open BianchiIX

theorem BianchiIX.exists_terminal_phase_cone_bounds :
    ∃ δ > (0 : ℝ), δ ≤ 1 / 40000 ∧ ∀ η₀ : ℝ, (0 < η₀ ∧ η₀ ≤ δ) →
      ∀ J : ℕ, 4 ≤ J → ∃ C ≥ (1 : ℝ), ∃ ε > (0 : ℝ), ∀ η α b u w : ℝ,
      η₀ ≤ η → η ≤ δ → (0 < α ∧ α ≤ 1) →
      0 < b → b ≤ ε * α ^ (2 * J) → |u| + |w| ≤ b → 0 < u → 0 < w →
      let Y : ExitTailState := ![2 + 2 * α, u, w]
      let h := η * α ^ J
      coreTailValid h Y ∧ ContDiffAt ℝ 2 (terminalConnectionPhase h) Y ∧
        C * Real.sqrt b ≤ 1 / 4 ∧ ∀ d : ExitTailState,
          d 0 = 1 → |d 1| ≤ Real.sqrt u → |d 2| ≤ Real.sqrt w →
          |α ^ 2 * fderiv ℝ (terminalConnectionPhase h) Y d + 1| ≤ C * Real.sqrt b ∧
          fderiv ℝ (terminalConnectionPhase h) Y d < 0 ∧
          3 / (4 * α ^ 2) ≤ |fderiv ℝ (terminalConnectionPhase h) Y d| := by sorry