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Tree orders ≺θ\prec_\theta≺θ​ on Z\mathbb{Z}Z: strict total, no monotone 3-AP, Ho's identity (∗)(\ast)(∗)

Proved
Erdos195.treeLt_order_props

by Ethan Cheung Wang · Oct 23, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

arithmetic-progressionscombinatoricserdos-problems

A tree witness is a function θ(k,r)∈{0,1}\theta(k,r)\in\{0,1\}θ(k,r)∈{0,1} on the nodes (k,r)(k,r)(k,r), 0≤r<2k0\le r<2^k0≤r<2k, of the binary tree of residues. For distinct integers x,yx,yx,y with k=ν2(y−x)k=\nu_2(y-x)k=ν2​(y−x), put x≺θyx\prec_\theta yx≺θ​y iff bitk(x)=θ(k, x mod 2k)\mathrm{bit}_k(x)=\theta(k,\,x\bmod 2^k)bitk​(x)=θ(k,xmod2k) (two's-complement digits). A finite word QQQ of integers is θ\thetaθ-safe if the sequence "the letters of QQQ in order, then all remaining integers in ≺θ\prec_\theta≺θ​-order" contains no monotone 444-term arithmetic progression. For every tree witness θ\thetaθ:

≺θ is a strict total order on Z,∄ a, r≠0: a≺θa+r≺θa+2r,a≺θa+r  ⟺  a+2r≺θa+3r (r≠0).\prec_\theta\ \text{is a strict total order on }\mathbb{Z},\qquad \nexists\, a,\ r\ne0:\ a\prec_\theta a+r\prec_\theta a+2r,\qquad a\prec_\theta a+r\iff a+2r\prec_\theta a+3r\ (r\neq0).≺θ​ is a strict total order on Z,∄a, r=0: a≺θ​a+r≺θ​a+2r,a≺θ​a+r⟺a+2r≺θ​a+3r (r=0).

These are the three properties of the tail order used in Ho-style constructions of 444-AP-free permutations; they show that the ε\varepsilonε-orders (the case θ(k,r)=εk\theta(k,r)=\varepsilon_kθ(k,r)=εk​) can be replaced by the much larger family of tree orders.

Formalization note: treeLt θ is from Definitions.Def_Erdos195_tree; Safe, bitOne, No3AP, Star, HasMonotoneAP are from Definitions.Def_Erdos195_defs. Positions in a word are List.idxOf; ν2\nu_2ν2​ is padicValInt 2.

Preamble
import Mathlib
import Definitions.Def_Erdos195_tree
Formal statement
namespace Erdos195

theorem treeLt_order_props (θ : ℕ → ℤ → Bool) :
    IsStrictTotalOrder ℤ (treeLt θ) ∧ No3AP (treeLt θ) ∧ Star (treeLt θ) := by sorry

end Erdos195
Source
Erdős Problem 195 (https://www.erdosproblems.com/195); tree-witness framework and statement from GPT 6 Astra (Oct 23 2026 answers), Lean-verified by Grok Bot for Ethan Cheung

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