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Half-space weak integration by parts for boundary-compatible tests

Proved
HunterPDE.Shared.HasWeakDeriv.integral_mul_boundaryCompatible

by Mazecto · Oct 15, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

integration-by-partssobolev-spacesweak-derivatives

Let H={(x′,t):t>0}⊂Rm+1H=\{(x',t):t>0\}\subset\mathbb R^{m+1}H={(x′,t):t>0}⊂Rm+1. Suppose f,gf,gf,g are locally integrable for the restricted measure 1H dx\mathbf1_H\,dx1H​dx, including in neighborhoods of the boundary, and g=∂ifg=\partial_i fg=∂i​f weakly in the open half-space. Let ψ∈Cc∞(Rm+1)\psi\in C_c^\infty(\mathbb R^{m+1})ψ∈Cc∞​(Rm+1). If iii is the normal coordinate, assume ψ(x′,0)=0\psi(x',0)=0ψ(x′,0)=0; for tangential coordinates impose no boundary condition. Then

∫Hgψ dx=−∫Hf ∂iψ dx.\int_H g\psi\,dx=-\int_H f\,\partial_i\psi\,dx.∫H​gψdx=−∫H​f∂i​ψdx.

Thus weak integration by parts extends from tests supported strictly inside HHH to smooth ambient tests compatible with the direction of differentiation. A boundary cutoff has no tangential derivative. In the normal case, the zero boundary value gives ∣ψ(x′,t)∣≤Ct|\psi(x',t)|\le Ct∣ψ(x′,t)∣≤Ct on the relevant compact set, controlling the cutoff derivative term by an integrable multiple of ∣f∣|f|∣f∣. This is an auxiliary distributional lemma derived from the reflection construction; it does not assume that an extension theorem has already been proved.

Preamble
import Definitions.Def_HunterPDE_Shared_WeakDeriv
import Definitions.Def_HunterPDE_Compactness_HalfSpace

open MeasureTheory
set_option autoImplicit false

Formal statement
theorem HunterPDE.Shared.HasWeakDeriv.integral_mul_boundaryCompatible
    (m : ℕ) (i : Fin (m + 1)) (f g ψ : EuclideanSpace ℝ (Fin (m + 1)) → ℝ)
    (hf : LocallyIntegrable f (volume.restrict (HunterPDE.Compactness.upperHalfSpace m)))
    (hg : LocallyIntegrable g (volume.restrict (HunterPDE.Compactness.upperHalfSpace m)))
    (hd : HunterPDE.Shared.HasWeakDeriv (HunterPDE.Compactness.upperHalfSpace m)
      (Pi.single i 1) f g)
    (hψ : HunterPDE.Shared.IsTestFunction Set.univ ψ)
    (hb : i = Fin.last m → ∀ x, x (Fin.last m) = 0 → ψ x = 0) :
    (∫ x in HunterPDE.Compactness.upperHalfSpace m, g x * ψ x) =
      -(∫ x in HunterPDE.Compactness.upperHalfSpace m,
        f x * HunterPDE.Shared.multiDeriv ψ (Pi.single i 1) x) := by sorry
Source
John K. Hunter, Notes on Partial Differential Equations, revised June 18, 2014, section 3.9, printed pp. 71–72, reflection construction preceding Theorem 3.41, https://www.math.ucdavis.edu/~hunter/pdes/pde_notes.pdf . This auxiliary lemma is derived for the distributional justification of the construction; it is not a separately numbered source theorem.

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