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For u ∉ Q̄ with uū = ρ algebraic and z = u/(u² − a) (aā ≠ ρ²) or u/(u² − a)² (aā = ρ²), a ∈ Q̄ non-zero, the space Q̄ + Q̄u + Q̄ū + Q̄z + Q̄z̄ carries a 2×3 configuration

Proved
DiazModulus.circle_point_conjugate_pair_extension_carries_two_by_three_configuration

by carlok · Oct 6, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

diaz-modulus-leannumber-theorytranscendence

Let u∈C∖Q‾u \in \mathbb{C} \setminus \overline{\mathbb{Q}}u∈C∖Q​ with ρ=uuˉ\rho = u\bar uρ=uuˉ algebraic, let a∈Q‾a \in \overline{\mathbb{Q}}a∈Q​, a≠0a \neq 0a=0, and let zzz be u/(u2−a)u/(u^2 - a)u/(u2−a) if aaˉ≠ρ2a\bar a \neq \rho^2aaˉ=ρ2, or u/(u2−a)2u/(u^2 - a)^2u/(u2−a)2 if aaˉ=ρ2a\bar a = \rho^2aaˉ=ρ2. Put H0=Q‾+Q‾u+Q‾uˉH_0 = \overline{\mathbb{Q}} + \overline{\mathbb{Q}}u + \overline{\mathbb{Q}}\bar uH0​=Q​+Q​u+Q​uˉ and W=H0+Q‾z+Q‾zˉW = H_0 + \overline{\mathbb{Q}}z + \overline{\mathbb{Q}}\bar zW=H0​+Q​z+Q​zˉ. Then there are x1,x2x_1, x_2x1​,x2​, linearly independent over Q‾\overline{\mathbb{Q}}Q​, and y1,y2,y3y_1, y_2, y_3y1​,y2​,y3​, linearly independent over Q‾\overline{\mathbb{Q}}Q​, with all six products xiyjx_iy_jxi​yj​ in WWW.

The configuration is x=(1,u2)x = (1, u^2)x=(1,u2), y=(b,bu2,bu4)y = (b, bu^2, bu^4)y=(b,bu2,bu4), with b=1/(u(u2−a)(u2−a′))b = 1/(u(u^2 - a)(u^2 - a'))b=1/(u(u2−a)(u2−a′)) and a′=ρ2/aˉa' = \rho^2/\bar aa′=ρ2/aˉ in the first case and b=1/(u(u2−a)2)b = 1/(u(u^2 - a)^2)b=1/(u(u2−a)2) in the second: WWW contains the progression b,bu2,bu4,bu6b, bu^2, bu^4, bu^6b,bu2,bu4,bu6. Since L~\widetilde{\mathcal{L}}L is closed under complex conjugation, a hypothesis z∈L~z \in \widetilde{\mathcal{L}}z∈L brings zˉ\bar zzˉ with it, so WWW is the space Roy's strong six exponentials theorem sees at a candidate; DiazModulus.circle_point_extension_two_by_three_configuration_iff (Theorem B) treats the four-dimensional spaces H0+Q‾wH_0 + \overline{\mathbb{Q}}wH0​+Q​w only. The statement does not involve eue^ueu, so it keeps its content if Diaz's conjecture holds.

Proof. In the first case a′=ρ2/aˉa' = \rho^2/\bar aa′=ρ2/aˉ is algebraic and differs from aaa, and zˉ=−(ρ/aˉ) u/(u2−a′)\bar z = -(\rho/\bar a)\,u/(u^2 - a')zˉ=−(ρ/aˉ)u/(u2−a′); in the second, ρ2/aˉ=a\rho^2/\bar a = aρ2/aˉ=a and zˉ=(ρ/aˉ2) u3/(u2−a)2\bar z = (\rho/\bar a^2)\,u^3/(u^2 - a)^2zˉ=(ρ/aˉ2)u3/(u2−a)2. With u−1=uˉ/ρu^{-1} = \bar u/\rhou−1=uˉ/ρ, partial fractions in v=u2v = u^2v=u2 write each of b,bu2,bu4,bu6b, bu^2, bu^4, bu^6b,bu2,bu4,bu6 as a combination of uuu, u−1u^{-1}u−1, zzz and zˉ\bar zzˉ with algebraic coefficients; for instance (a−a′) bu2=z−u/(u2−a′)(a - a')\,bu^2 = z - u/(u^2 - a')(a−a′)bu2=z−u/(u2−a′) in the first case and bu2=zbu^2 = zbu2=z in the second. The six products xiyjx_iy_jxi​yj​ are b,bu2,bu4,bu2,bu4,bu6b, bu^2, bu^4, bu^2, bu^4, bu^6b,bu2,bu4,bu2,bu4,bu6. Both families are free because uuu is transcendental over Q‾\overline{\mathbb{Q}}Q​: s+tu2=0s + tu^2 = 0s+tu2=0 and, after dividing by b≠0b \neq 0b=0, g0+g1u2+g2u4=0g_0 + g_1u^2 + g_2u^4 = 0g0​+g1​u2+g2​u4=0 force all coefficients to vanish.

Novelty. Not asserted for the configuration: rescaled, it is the configuration (u,uˉ)×(1,U,Uˉ)(u, \bar u) \times (1, U, \bar U)(u,uˉ)×(1,U,Uˉ), U=1/(u2−a)U = 1/(u^2 - a)U=1/(u2−a), in the proofs of Diaz (2004, Th. 2) and Diaz (2007, Th. 6(1) and 7(1)), and the progression of Fischler (2001, Lemma 6.1). That no four-dimensional subspace of WWW containing H0H_0H0​ carries one is DiazModulus.circle_point_conjugate_pair_configuration_invisible_to_four_dimensional_extensions.

Preamble
import Definitions.Def_DiazModulus
Formal statement
open Complex ComplexConjugate

namespace DiazModulus

theorem circle_point_conjugate_pair_extension_carries_two_by_three_configuration (u a z : ℂ)
    (hu : u ∉ Qbar) (hρ : IsAlgebraic ℚ (u * conj u)) (ha : a ∈ Qbar) (ha0 : a ≠ 0)
    (hz : (a * conj a ≠ (u * conj u) ^ 2 ∧ z = u / (u ^ 2 - a)) ∨
      (a * conj a = (u * conj u) ^ 2 ∧ z = u / (u ^ 2 - a) ^ 2)) :
    ∃ (x : Fin 2 → ℂ) (y : Fin 3 → ℂ), LinearIndependent (↥Qbar) x ∧ LinearIndependent (↥Qbar) y ∧
      ∀ i j, x i * y j ∈ Submodule.span Qbar ({1, u, conj u, z, conj z} : Set ℂ) := by
  sorry

end DiazModulus
Source
The configuration has the shape of those in the proofs of G. Diaz, Utilisation de la conjugaison complexe dans l'étude de la transcendance de valeurs de la fonction exponentielle usuelle, J. Théor. Nombres Bordeaux 16 (2004), 535–553, Th. 2 (p. 538), and of G. Diaz, Produits et quotients de combinaisons linéaires de logarithmes de nombres algébriques : conjectures et résultats partiels, J. Théor. Nombres Bordeaux 19 (2007), 373–391, Th. 6(1) and 7(1) (pp. 389–390); rescaled, it is the progression of S. Fischler, Orbits under algebraic groups and logarithms of algebraic numbers, Acta Arith. 100 (2001), 167–187, Lemma 6.1 (p. 184). R5 of the Diaz modulus mission. Formal proof: Diaz modulus mission, 6 October 2026 (C. Perassi).

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