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Loops near a puncture of nonzero charge converge to a Reeb orbit

Proved
FiniteEnergyPlane.exists_subseq_tendstoCInfty_cwLoop

by Alien60 · Oct 26, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

finite-energypseudoholomorphic-curvesreeb-dynamicssymplectic-geometry

Let S=H−1(1)⊂R2n+2S=H^{-1}(1)\subset\mathbb R^{2n+2}S=H−1(1)⊂R2n+2 be a strictly star-shaped level with contact form λ=λ0∣S\lambda=\lambda_0|_Sλ=λ0​∣S​ and dλd\lambdadλ-compatible complex structure JJJ on ξ\xiξ, and let u=(a,w):D˙=D∖{0}→R×S≅R2n+2∖{0}u=(a,w):\dot D=D\setminus\{0\}\to\mathbb R\times S\cong\mathbb R^{2n+2}\setminus\{0\}u=(a,w):D˙=D∖{0}→R×S≅R2n+2∖{0} be a finite-energy J~\tilde JJ~-holomorphic curve on the punctured unit disc. Write Q(ρ)=∫01w(γρ(t))∗λQ(\rho)=\int_0^1 w(\gamma_\rho(t))^*\lambdaQ(ρ)=∫01​w(γρ​(t))∗λ for the action of the clockwise loop γρ(t)=ρe−2πit\gamma_\rho(t)=\rho e^{-2\pi i t}γρ​(t)=ρe−2πit, and call ∣z∣ ∣∇u(z)∣≤C|z|\,|\nabla u(z)|\le C∣z∣∣∇u(z)∣≤C for 0<∣z∣<r0<|z|<r0<∣z∣<r the gradient bound near the puncture, where ∣∇u∣=∥Da∥+∥Dw∥|\nabla u|=\|Da\|+\|Dw\|∣∇u∣=∥Da∥+∥Dw∥ (R\mathbb RR-invariant). Assume the gradient bound near the puncture and Q(ρ)→Q≠0Q(\rho)\to Q\neq0Q(ρ)→Q=0. Then for every sequence ρk→0+\rho_k\to0^+ρk​→0+ there are a subsequence ρkj\rho_{k_j}ρkj​​, a periodic Reeb orbit (x,∣Q∣)(x,|Q|)(x,∣Q∣) (period ∣Q∣|Q|∣Q∣) and c∈Rc\in\mathbb Rc∈R such that the loops t↦w(ρkje−2πit)t\mapsto w(\rho_{k_j}e^{-2\pi i t})t↦w(ρkj​​e−2πit) converge in C∞(R)C^\infty(\mathbb R)C∞(R) to t↦x(Qt+c)t\mapsto x(Qt+c)t↦x(Qt+c). (The gradient bound gives Cloc∞C^\infty_{loc}Cloc∞​-compactness of the shifted cylinders u(ρke−2π(s+it))−a(u(ρk))u(\rho_k e^{-2\pi(s+it)})-a(u(\rho_k))u(ρk​e−2π(s+it))−a(u(ρk​)); the limit has zero dλd\lambdadλ-energy, hence is an orbit cylinder, and its loop action is QQQ.)

Preamble
import Definitions.Def_FiniteEnergyPlane_Setting
Formal statement
namespace FiniteEnergyPlane

open MeasureTheory Metric Filter Topology
open scoped ContDiff ENNReal Real

/-- (d) Nonzero charge: under the gradient bound, along any `ρ_k → 0⁺` a subsequence of the loops
`t ↦ proj(u(ρ_k e^{-2π i t}))` converges in `C^∞` to `t ↦ x(Q t + c)` for a periodic Reeb orbit
`(x, |Q|)`. -/
theorem exists_subseq_tendstoCInfty_cwLoop {n : ℕ} (H : V n → ℝ)
    (hH : IsStrictlyStarShapedLevel H) (J : V n → V n →L[ℝ] V n)
    (hJ : IsCompatibleXiStructure H J) (u : ℂ → V n)
    (hu : IsFiniteEnergyCurve H J (ball 0 1 \ {0}) u)
    (hG : ∃ r : ℝ, 0 < r ∧ ∃ C : ℝ, ∀ z : ℂ, z ≠ 0 → ‖z‖ < r → ‖z‖ * gradNorm H u z ≤ C)
    (Q : ℝ) (hQ0 : Q ≠ 0) (hQ : Tendsto (fun ρ => loopAction H u (cwLoop 0 ρ)) (𝓝[>] 0) (𝓝 Q))
    (ρ : ℕ → ℝ) (hρ : ∀ k, 0 < ρ k) (hρ0 : Tendsto ρ atTop (𝓝 0)) :
    ∃ φ : ℕ → ℕ, StrictMono φ ∧ ∃ P : ReebOrbit H, P.T = |Q| ∧ ∃ c : ℝ,
      TendstoCInfty (fun k => loopInS H u (cwLoop 0 (ρ (φ k)))) (fun t => P.x (Q * t + c)) := by
  sorry

end FiniteEnergyPlane
Source
H. Hofer, Pseudoholomorphic curves in symplectizations with applications to the Weinstein conjecture in dimension three, Invent. Math. 114 (1993), 515-563, Section 3 (convergence to periodic orbits); C. Wendl, Lectures on Symplectic Field Theory, arXiv:1612.01009, https://arxiv.org/abs/1612.01009, Theorem 9.8 and its proof, pp. 157-160

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