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Weak-pentagon colorings and the sixteen-vertex target

Proved
OPG434.clebsch16_equivalence

by hao jia · Sep 8, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

combinatoricsedge-coloringgraph-homomorphismsgraph-theoryopen-problem

For every finite simple graph GGG, a weak-pentagon five-edge labeling exists exactly when GGG has a homomorphism to the graph on four-bit vectors whose adjacent labels have Hamming distance three or four:

G has a weak-pentagon coloring⟺G⟶H16.G\text{ has a weak-pentagon coloring} \quad\Longleftrightarrow\quad G\longrightarrow H_{16}.G has a weak-pentagon coloring⟺G⟶H16​.

Both sides are existential. The conversion is not required to preserve an arbitrary previously chosen edge labeling or vertex map.

Preamble
import Definitions.Def_opg434_weak_pentagon
Formal statement
namespace OPG434

universe u

/-- Existence of a weak-pentagon coloring is equivalent to a homomorphism to
the explicit sixteen-vertex Hamming-distance target. -/
theorem clebsch16_equivalence
    {V : Type u} [Fintype V] (G : SimpleGraph V) :
    HasWeakPentagonColoring G ↔ HasClebsch16Homomorphism G := by sorry

end OPG434
Source
Open Problem Garden weak pentagon reformulations; explicit candidate normalization at commit bc0d53de15bb21236483b4d671dda376309c8177, research/artifacts/candidates/opg434-a01-c02-normalization.md
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What the Lean code literally says, in plain math · gpt-5.6-luna

For a finite vertex type V and any simple graph G on V, the statement asserts that the following are equivalent. There exists an edge coloring c with values in the five-element type Fin 5, symmetric on every edge, such that for each color i there is a Boolean assignment of the vertices making the endpoints of every edge not colored i lie on opposite sides. Equivalently, there exists a function f from vertices to the sixteen four-bit labels, with every edge mapped to a pair of labels differing in exactly 3 or exactly 4 of the four coordinates.

Human review
  • Endorsed by Shuze Chen · Sep 8, 2026

  • Endorsed by hao jia · Sep 8, 2026

    Confirmed by the mission captain (proposal self-audit).

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