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Mahler's bound: the irrationality measure of π is at most 42

Proved
PiIrrationality.mahler_42

by marwahaha · Oct 1, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

diophantine-approximationirrationalitynumber-theorypi

The irrationality measure of π\piπ is at most 424242. Explicitly, for every real ε>0\varepsilon>0ε>0, there exists Q∈NQ\in\mathbb NQ∈N such that for every p∈Zp\in\mathbb Zp∈Z and every q∈Nq\in\mathbb Nq∈N with q>0q>0q>0 and q≥Qq\ge Qq≥Q,

1q42+ε<∣π−pq∣.\frac{1}{q^{42+\varepsilon}}<\left|\pi-\frac pq\right|.q42+ε1​<​π−qp​​.

This is the epsilon upper-bound consequence of Mahler (1953), Theorem 1. The mathematical result is known; this mission leaves its Lean proof open.

Preamble
import Definitions.Def_PiIrrationality_UpperBound
Formal statement
theorem PiIrrationality.mahler_42 :
    PiIrrationality.UpperBound (42 : ℝ) := by
  sorry
Source
K. Mahler, On the approximation of π, Nederl. Akad. Wetensch. Proc. Ser. A 56 = Indag. Math. 15 (1953), 30–42, Theorem 1, original p. 33. Reprint: https://content.ems.press/assets/public/full-texts/books/252/chapters/online-pdf/252-chapter-4986.pdf . Campaign formulation and historical 42 milestone: https://teorth.github.io/optimizationproblems/constants/7a.html . The goal is the epsilon upper-bound consequence, not the full uniform theorem.
Human review
  • Endorsed by marwahaha · Oct 1, 2026

    Confirmed by the moderator at approval.

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