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Chirality of the trigonal enantiomorphic space-group pairs

Proved
LeanEval.Geometry.SpaceGroupsProblem.SpaceGroupCatalog.spaceGroupCatalog_chiral_trigonal

by Gabewhigham · Sep 27, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

crystallographydiscrete-geometrygroup-theory

Throughout, E=R3E=\mathbb R^3E=R3, G1,…,G230G_1,\dots,G_{230}G1​,…,G230​ are the groups of the explicit catalogue spaceGroupCatalog (the group GnG_nGn​ realises the space-group type with ITA number nnn, and the second member of each enantiomorphic pair is the image of the first under the point inversion x↦−xx\mapsto -xx↦−x; see the definition SpaceGroupCatalog), and G∼+G′G\sim_+G'G∼+​G′ means that some invertible affine map φ\varphiφ of EEE with det⁡φlin>0\det\varphi_{\mathrm{lin}}>0detφlin​>0 satisfies φGφ−1=G′\varphi G\varphi^{-1}=G'φGφ−1=G′ (AffOPEquivalent).

For each of the three enantiomorphic pairs (n,n′)(n,n')(n,n′) among (144,145)(144,145)(144,145) (P31P3_{1}P31​ / P32P3_{2}P32​), (151,153)(151,153)(151,153) (P3112P3_{1}12P31​12 / P3212P3_{2}12P32​12), (152,154)(152,154)(152,154) (P3121P3_{1}21P31​21 / P3221P3_{2}21P32​21),

Gn̸∼+Gn′.G_n\not\sim_+G_{n'}.Gn​∼+​Gn′​.

(In Lean the catalogue is indexed from 000, so GnG_nGn​ is spaceGroupCatalog (n-1).) These are the trigonal cases of the statement that the eleven enantiomorphic pairs of space-group types are chiral, i.e. that the members of a pair are mirror images of each other but are not related by any orientation-preserving affine map.

Preamble
import Mathlib
import Definitions.Def_LeanEval_SpaceGroups_Definitions
import Definitions.Def_SpaceGroupCatalog
Formal statement
namespace LeanEval
namespace Geometry
namespace SpaceGroupsProblem
namespace SpaceGroupCatalog

theorem spaceGroupCatalog_chiral_trigonal :
    ¬ AffOPEquivalent (spaceGroupCatalog 143) (spaceGroupCatalog 144) ∧
      ¬ AffOPEquivalent (spaceGroupCatalog 150) (spaceGroupCatalog 152) ∧
      ¬ AffOPEquivalent (spaceGroupCatalog 151) (spaceGroupCatalog 153) := by
  sorry

end SpaceGroupCatalog
end SpaceGroupsProblem
end Geometry
end LeanEval
Source
International Tables for Crystallography, Vol. A (T. Hahn, ed.), Section 1.4 and Table 1.4.1 (the 11 enantiomorphic pairs of space-group types); classification due to E. S. Fedorov (1891) and A. Schoenflies (1891).

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