Positive differentiable multipliers for the canonical downward return

Proved

BianchiIX.partialCoreDownwardReturn_multiplier_response

by trppppp · Nov 6, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

bianchi-ix-era-statisticsdynamical-systems

For real variables $p,s,a,b,c$ , set

K=a^2+b^2+c^2-2(ab+bc+ca),\qquad S=p^2+s^2,\qquad C=S+K.

The shear components and wall rates are

P=Kp-2a^2+b^2+c^2+ab-2bc+ac,

Q=Ks+\sqrt{3}(-b^2+c^2+ab-ac),

r_1=-S+2p,\qquad r_2=-S-p+\sqrt{3}s,\qquad r_3=-S-p-\sqrt{3}s.

These functions define the normalized vacuum Bianchi IX vector field $(P,Q,r_1a,r_2b,r_3c)$ . For $y=(m,u,v,w)\in\mathbb R^4$ , define

K(u,v,w)=u^2+v^2+w^2-2(uv+vw+wu),\qquad \kappa=u(v+w-u),

F_m=-v^2+w^2+u(v-w)-m\kappa,\qquad F_u=\tfrac12(1-m^2-(v-w)^2+u^2)u,

F_v=(m-1-\kappa)v,\qquad F_w=(-m-1-\kappa)w,\qquad F=(F_m,F_u,F_v,F_w),

and $E(m,v)=(m-1)^2+v^2$ .

For $x=(p,s,a,b,c)$ , put

\psi(p,z)=\frac{\sqrt3\,z}{1+p},\qquad \Pi(x)=(\psi(p,s),\psi(p,a),\psi(p,b),\psi(p,c)).

For $y=(m,u,v,w)$ , set $D(y)=3+m^2+K(u,v,w)$ and

\Xi_A(y)=\left(A-1,\frac{Am}{\sqrt3},\frac{Au}{\sqrt3}, \frac{Av}{\sqrt3},\frac{Aw}{\sqrt3}\right),\qquad \Xi(y)=\Xi_{6/D(y)}(y).

Write $N(x)=(P,Q,r_1a,r_2b,r_3c)$ for the normalized vector field and $\mathcal C(x)=C(p,s,a,b,c)$ for its constraint.

The normalized and projective state spaces are $\mathbb R^5$ and $\mathbb R^4$ with their finite-product norms. The maps $\Pi,\Xi,D,F$ act on these state spaces.

Define the core radius, angle, and clock factor by

r(m,v)=\sqrt{(m-1)^2+v^2},\qquad \theta(m,v)=\operatorname{arsinh}\frac{1-m}{v},\qquad d(r,u,w)=1-\frac{(u-w)^2}{r^2}.

For $y=(m,u,v,w)$ , write $r_y=r(m,v)$ , $\theta_y=\theta(m,v)$ , and $d_y=d(r_y,u,w)$ . All quotients use the total convention $x/0=0$ .

The core state space is $\mathbb R^3$ with coordinates $Y=(r,u,p)$ . Define

\eta(m,u,v,w)=(r(m,v),u,vw),\qquad \iota_z(r,u,p)=\left(1-r\tanh z,u,\frac r{\cosh z}, \frac p{r/\cosh z}\right).

For fixed $(z,Y)$ put $v=r/\cosh z$ , $w=p/v$ , $d=d(r,u,w)$ , and define

\mathcal V(z,Y)=\left( \frac{-\kappa(u,v,w)-\tanh z\,(u-w)^2/r}{d},\quad \frac{u[-r/2+\tanh z+w/\cosh z+(u^2-w^2)/(2r)]}{d},\quad \frac{-2p(1+\kappa(u,v,w))}{rd}\right).

For real $k$ , put $\varepsilon_k=1/(10000k)$ and define

\mathcal K_k=\{(m,u,v,w): |E(m,v)-k^2|\leq1/8,\quad v\geq1, \quad0\leq u\leq\varepsilon_k,\quad0\leq vw\leq\varepsilon_k\}.

Write $X=\mathbb R^5$ , $Y=\mathbb R^4$ , and let $\alpha_{x,t_0}$ be the maximal solution of $\alpha'=N(\alpha)$ with initial value $x$ at $t_0$ and domain $I_{\max}(x,t_0)$ . Put

J_{x,t_0}(t)=d_x\alpha_{x,t_0}(t),\qquad \Psi_{t_0}(y,t)=\Pi(\alpha_{\Xi(y),t_0}(t)),

\mathcal J_{y,t_0}(t)=d\Pi_{\alpha_{\Xi(y),t_0}(t)} \circ J_{\Xi(y),t_0}(t)\circ d\Xi_y.

Write $G(y)=6F(y)/D(y)$ , $\lambda(y)=6r_yd_y/D(y)$ , and $S_k(R,U,P)=(R,kU,P)$ . Define

\mathcal P_y\xi=d\eta_y\xi-d\theta_y\xi\,\mathcal V(\theta_y,\eta(y)), \qquad \mathcal W_{y,t_0,w}(t)= \mathcal P_{\Psi_{t_0}(y,t)}(\mathcal J_{y,t_0}(t)w).

The entrance parametrization and radial exit factor are

e(k,u,w)=(1+\sqrt{k^2-1},u,1,w),

f_y=\mathcal V(\theta_y,\eta(y))_0,\qquad c_y=-\tanh\theta_y, \qquad h_y=c_y+f_y/r_y,\qquad \rho_y=c_y/h_y.

For projective initial data $y$ , put

A_{y,t_0}(t)=1+(\alpha_{\Xi(y),t_0}(t))_0.

Coordinates of three-vectors are indexed by $0,1,2$ ; projective coordinates are indexed by $m,u,v,w$ . For real variables $p,s,a,b,c$ , set

K=a^2+b^2+c^2-2(ab+bc+ca),\qquad S=p^2+s^2,\qquad C=S+K.

The shear components and wall rates are

P=Kp-2a^2+b^2+c^2+ab-2bc+ac,

Q=Ks+\sqrt{3}(-b^2+c^2+ab-ac),

r_1=-S+2p,\qquad r_2=-S-p+\sqrt{3}s,\qquad r_3=-S-p-\sqrt{3}s.

These functions define the normalized vacuum Bianchi IX vector field $(P,Q,r_1a,r_2b,r_3c)$ . For $y=(m,u,v,w)\in\mathbb R^4$ , define

K(u,v,w)=u^2+v^2+w^2-2(uv+vw+wu),\qquad \kappa=u(v+w-u),

F_m=-v^2+w^2+u(v-w)-m\kappa,\qquad F_u=\tfrac12(1-m^2-(v-w)^2+u^2)u,

F_v=(m-1-\kappa)v,\qquad F_w=(-m-1-\kappa)w,\qquad F=(F_m,F_u,F_v,F_w),

and $E(m,v)=(m-1)^2+v^2$ .

For $x=(p,s,a,b,c)$ , put

\psi(p,z)=\frac{\sqrt3\,z}{1+p},\qquad \Pi(x)=(\psi(p,s),\psi(p,a),\psi(p,b),\psi(p,c)).

For $y=(m,u,v,w)$ , set $D(y)=3+m^2+K(u,v,w)$ and

\Xi_A(y)=\left(A-1,\frac{Am}{\sqrt3},\frac{Au}{\sqrt3}, \frac{Av}{\sqrt3},\frac{Aw}{\sqrt3}\right),\qquad \Xi(y)=\Xi_{6/D(y)}(y).

Write $N(x)=(P,Q,r_1a,r_2b,r_3c)$ for the normalized vector field and $\mathcal C(x)=C(p,s,a,b,c)$ for its constraint.

The normalized and projective state spaces are $\mathbb R^5$ and $\mathbb R^4$ with their finite-product norms. The maps $\Pi,\Xi,D,F$ act on these state spaces.

Define the core radius, angle, and clock factor by

r(m,v)=\sqrt{(m-1)^2+v^2},\qquad \theta(m,v)=\operatorname{arsinh}\frac{1-m}{v},\qquad d(r,u,w)=1-\frac{(u-w)^2}{r^2}.

For $y=(m,u,v,w)$ , write $r_y=r(m,v)$ , $\theta_y=\theta(m,v)$ , and $d_y=d(r_y,u,w)$ . All quotients use the total convention $x/0=0$ .

The core state space is $\mathbb R^3$ with coordinates $Y=(r,u,p)$ . Define

\eta(m,u,v,w)=(r(m,v),u,vw),\qquad \iota_z(r,u,p)=\left(1-r\tanh z,u,\frac r{\cosh z}, \frac p{r/\cosh z}\right).

For fixed $(z,Y)$ put $v=r/\cosh z$ , $w=p/v$ , $d=d(r,u,w)$ , and define

\mathcal V(z,Y)=\left( \frac{-\kappa(u,v,w)-\tanh z\,(u-w)^2/r}{d},\quad \frac{u[-r/2+\tanh z+w/\cosh z+(u^2-w^2)/(2r)]}{d},\quad \frac{-2p(1+\kappa(u,v,w))}{rd}\right).

At $(z,Y)$ use the abbreviations

s=1/\cosh z,\quad c=-\tanh z,\quad \delta=u-w,

C=u(v+w-u),\quad a=-r/2+\tanh z+w/\cosh z+(u^2-w^2)/(2r), \quad g=-C+c\delta^2/r.

Let $\mathcal Q(z,Y)=(C,d,a,g)$ . Define the $4\times3$ matrix $H(z,Y)$ by its rows, in the order $(C,d,a,g)$ and columns $(r,u,p)$ :

H_C=(u(s-w/r),\ v-2u+w,\ u/v),

H_d=(2\delta(u-2w)/r^3,\ -2\delta/r^2,\ 2\delta/(vr^2)),

H_a=(-1/2-sw/r+(3w^2-u^2)/(2r^2),\ u/r,\ (1-w/v)/r),

H_g=(-u(s-w/r)+c\delta(3w-u)/r^2,\ -(v-2u+w)+2c\delta/r,\ -u/v-2c\delta/(rv)).

Define the two rates and the $2\times3$ matrix $J$ by

L_0(z,Y)=a/d,\qquad L_1(z,Y)=-2(1+C)/(rd),

J_{0j}=H_{aj}/d-aH_{dj}/d^2,

J_{1j}=\delta_{j0}\frac{2(1+C)}{r^2d} -\frac{2H_{Cj}}{rd}+\frac{2(1+C)H_{dj}}{rd^2},\qquad j=0,1,2.

Here $\delta_{j0}$ is the Kronecker symbol. The total formulas are defined also when a wall amplitude vanishes, and use $x/0=0$ .

Define the rates in normalized time and the positive flow factors by

R(y)=\lambda(y)L(\theta_y,\eta(y)),\qquad M_i(y,t_0,a,b)=\exp\left(\int_a^b R_i(\Psi_{t_0}(y,t))\,dt\right), \quad i=0,1.

The interval integral is oriented and uses its total Bochner-integral definition for every choice of endpoints and initial data.

For real $k,z$ , define

\Gamma_k(z)=2\arctan(\sinh z)+\frac{24}{10000k}z, \qquad C_* = \exp\left(2\pi+\frac{48}{10000}\right).

Division at zero has its total real-field meaning.

Write $\mathfrak r(y)=r(y_0,y_2)$ . For a time function $\tau:\mathbb R^4\to\mathbb R$ put $m_i^\tau(y)=M_i(y,0,0,\tau(y))$ . Let $\tau_\downarrow(y)$ be the infimum of positive times in the normalized maximal domain at which $(\Psi_0(y,t))_v=1$ with negative event rate, and set $F_\downarrow(y)=\eta(\Psi_0(y,\tau_\downarrow(y)))$ . The incoming condition means $y_v>1$ , or $y_v=1$ and $y_m\geq1$ . Define

Q_k(u,p;v,dz)=|v_0|+k|v_1|+|v_2|+(k^2u+p/k)|dz|.

All vector norms are supremum norms and operator norms are induced by them. Assume $k\geq6$ , $y\in\mathcal K_k$ , $\mathfrak r(y)=k$ and the incoming condition. Put $\tau=\tau_\downarrow$ . As germs at $y$ , the returned walls are $x_1m_0^\tau(x)$ and $x_2x_3m_1^\tau(x)$ . Both multipliers are positive at $y$ , and each multiplier and its logarithm is $C^1$ there. For every $w$ , set $dz=d\theta_yw$ , $Q_0=Q_k(y_1,y_2y_3;d\eta_yw,dz)$ . Then

|d\log m_0^\tau(y)w|\leq40C_*\log(4k)Q_0+2k|dz|,

|d\log m_1^\tau(y)w|\leq236C_*\log(4k)Q_0/k^2+4|dz|/k.

Preamble

import Definitions.Def_BianchiIX_Analysis_CoreGrowthBudget
import Definitions.Def_BianchiIX_Dynamics_Normalized
import Definitions.Def_BianchiIX_Algebra_Projective
import Definitions.Def_BianchiIX_Algebra_Coordinates
import Definitions.Def_BianchiIX_Algebra_CoreAngle
import Definitions.Def_BianchiIX_Dynamics_ProjectiveState
import Definitions.Def_BianchiIX_Dynamics_ProjectiveRegularity
import Definitions.Def_BianchiIX_Dynamics_MaximalFlow
import Definitions.Def_BianchiIX_Dynamics_Linearization
import Definitions.Def_BianchiIX_Dynamics_ProjectiveOriginalTime
import Definitions.Def_BianchiIX_Dynamics_CoreAngle
import Definitions.Def_BianchiIX_Dynamics_CoreCoordinateDifferential
import Definitions.Def_BianchiIX_Dynamics_CoreWeightedVariation
import Definitions.Def_BianchiIX_Dynamics_FlowDifferential
import Definitions.Def_BianchiIX_Dynamics_Events
import Definitions.Def_BianchiIX_Dynamics_ProjectiveFlowVariation
import Definitions.Def_BianchiIX_Dynamics_CoreFlowVariation
import Definitions.Def_BianchiIX_Dynamics_CoreEntry
import Definitions.Def_BianchiIX_EraReturnData
import Definitions.Def_BianchiIX_Dynamics_CoreMultipliers
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.Deriv.Pow
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.Deriv.Mul
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.Deriv.Add
import Mathlib.Analysis.Real.Sqrt
import Mathlib.Tactic.Linarith
import Mathlib.Tactic.Ring
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.ContDiff.Operations
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.Deriv.Prod
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.MeanValue
import Mathlib.Data.Fin.VecNotation
import Mathlib.Tactic.FinCases
import Mathlib.Tactic.FunProp
import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Pow.Deriv
import Mathlib.Tactic.FieldSimp
import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Integrals.Basic
import Mathlib.Analysis.ODE.ExistUnique
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.FDeriv.Partial
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.ImplicitContDiff
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.Deriv.Inv
import Mathlib.Tactic.LinearCombination
import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Arcosh
import Mathlib.MeasureTheory.Integral.IntervalIntegral.FundThmCalculus
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.InverseFunctionTheorem.Deriv
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.Deriv.MeanValue
import Mathlib.Topology.Order.IntermediateValue
import Mathlib.Topology.Order.Compact
import Mathlib.Topology.Instances.Real.Lemmas
import Mathlib.Tactic.NormNum
import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Arsinh
import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Sqrt
import Mathlib.MeasureTheory.Integral.IntervalIntegral.DistLEIntegral
import Mathlib.Tactic.GCongr
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.Deriv.Slope
import Mathlib.Topology.Order.OrderClosed
import Mathlib.MeasureTheory.Integral.IntervalIntegral.IntegrationByParts
import Mathlib.Analysis.ODE.Gronwall
import Mathlib.Data.Matrix.Mul
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.FDeriv.Symmetric
import Mathlib.Tactic.Module
import Mathlib.Algebra.BigOperators.Fin
import Mathlib.Data.Real.Basic
import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Trigonometric.ArctanDeriv
import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Trigonometric.DerivHyp
import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Log.Basic
import Mathlib.Tactic.Positivity
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.ParametricIntervalIntegral
import Mathlib.MeasureTheory.Integral.DominatedConvergence

noncomputable section
open BianchiIX
open Set Filter
open scoped Topology

Formal statement

theorem BianchiIX.partialCoreDownwardReturn_multiplier_response {k : ℝ} {y : ProjectiveState}
    (hk : 6 ≤ k) (hy : coreRegion k y) (hR : coreRadius (y 0) (y 2) = k)
    (hV : 1 < y 2 ∨ (y 2 = 1 ∧ 1 ≤ y 0)) :
    let τ := partialCoreDownwardReturnTime
    (∀ᶠ x in 𝓝 y,
      projectiveOriginalFlow x 0 (τ x) 1 = x 1 * partialCoreReturnMultiplier τ x 0 ∧
      projectiveOriginalFlow x 0 (τ x) 3 = (x 2 * x 3) * partialCoreReturnMultiplier τ x 1) ∧
    (∀ i : Fin 2, 0 < partialCoreReturnMultiplier τ y i ∧
      ContDiffAt ℝ 1 (fun x => Real.log (partialCoreReturnMultiplier τ x i)) y ∧
      ContDiffAt ℝ 1 (fun x => partialCoreReturnMultiplier τ x i) y) ∧
    ∀ w : ProjectiveState,
      let dz := fderiv ℝ projectiveCoreAngle y w
      let Q₀ := partialCoreVariationBudget k (y 1) (y 2 * y 3)
        (fderiv ℝ toCoreAngleState y w) dz
      |fderiv ℝ (fun x => Real.log (partialCoreReturnMultiplier τ x 0)) y w| ≤
        40 * coreVariationBound * Real.log (4 * k) * Q₀ + 2 * k * |dz| ∧
      |fderiv ℝ (fun x => Real.log (partialCoreReturnMultiplier τ x 1)) y w| ≤
        236 * coreVariationBound * Real.log (4 * k) * Q₀ / k ^ 2 + 4 * |dz| / k := by sorry

Source

https://github.com/l46430640-del/ERA-STATISTICS-FORMAL/blob/d74c241819f896ab8d050b21ace80c8e90eabd9e/BianchiIX/Dynamics/PartialCoreDownwardMultipliers.lean#L12-L58

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