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The images of the maximal invariant sets of the two plugs are invariant under the time-t maps of the glued vector field

Proved
AnosovPlugs.plugGluing_pieces_flowMap_invariant

by ebayuser · Oct 4, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

3-manifoldsanosov-flowsdynamical-systemshyperbolic-dynamics

Let (U,X)(U,X)(U,X) and (V,Y)(V,Y)(V,Y) be plugs: compact Hausdorff smooth 3-manifolds with boundary carrying nonsingular C¹ vector fields transverse to the boundary. Let Tout⊆∂outUT^{out}\subseteq\partial^{out}UTout⊆∂outU and Tin⊆∂inVT^{in}\subseteq\partial^{in}VTin⊆∂inV be unions of connected components of the exit and entrance boundaries, and let φ:Tout→Tin\varphi:T^{out}\to T^{in}φ:Tout→Tin be a C¹ diffeomorphism (the mission's IsBoundaryDiffeo). Let (W,Z,iU,iV)(W,Z,i_U,i_V)(W,Z,iU​,iV​) be a plug gluing (the mission's IsPlugGluing): WWW is a compact Hausdorff smooth 3-manifold with boundary, iU:U→Wi_U:U\to WiU​:U→W and iV:V→Wi_V:V\to WiV​:V→W are C¹ embeddings with injective derivatives whose images cover WWW and meet exactly along the seam iU(x)=iV(φ(x))i_U(x)=i_V(\varphi(x))iU​(x)=iV​(φ(x)), x∈Toutx\in T^{out}x∈Tout, and ZZZ is the vector field on WWW with Z∘iU=DiU∘XZ\circ i_U=Di_U\circ XZ∘iU​=DiU​∘X and Z∘iV=DiV∘YZ\circ i_V=Di_V\circ YZ∘iV​=DiV​∘Y. The field ZZZ is not assumed to be C¹. We write ϕtZ\phi^Z_tϕtZ​ for the time-ttt map of ZZZ, the mission's flowMap Z t: it sends yyy to γ(t)\gamma(t)γ(t) for a chosen integral curve γ\gammaγ of ZZZ on [0,t][0,t][0,t] with γ(0)=y\gamma(0)=yγ(0)=y when one exists (the mission's FlowDefined Z y t), and to yyy otherwise. Let ΛX\Lambda_XΛX​ and ΛY\Lambda_YΛY​ be the maximal invariant sets of XXX and YYY (the points that lie on an integral curve defined for all times). Then the two pieces are invariant under the time-ttt maps of ZZZ:

ϕtZ(iU(ΛX))⊆iU(ΛX)andϕtZ(iV(ΛY))⊆iV(ΛY)for all t∈R.\phi^Z_t\big(i_U(\Lambda_X)\big)\subseteq i_U(\Lambda_X)\quad\text{and}\quad \phi^Z_t\big(i_V(\Lambda_Y)\big)\subseteq i_V(\Lambda_Y)\qquad\text{for all } t\in\mathbb R.ϕtZ​(iU​(ΛX​))⊆iU​(ΛX​)andϕtZ​(iV​(ΛY​))⊆iV​(ΛY​)for all t∈R.

In words: if δ\deltaδ is an integral curve of XXX defined for all times, then iU∘δi_U\circ\deltaiU​∘δ is an integral curve of ZZZ defined for all times, and by uniqueness of integral curves of ZZZ (plugGluing_integralCurveOn_unique) the time-ttt map of ZZZ sends iU(δ(0))i_U(\delta(0))iU​(δ(0)) to iU(δ(t))i_U(\delta(t))iU​(δ(t)). It is a step of the mission's proof of Proposition 1.1 (Section 3.1 of arXiv v1, p. 14) that the paper takes for granted. The invariance of the bundles of the two pieces under the flow of ZZZ refers to these maps.

Formalization Note The hypotheses are those of the mission's gluing statements. The proof in the mission uses the plug hypotheses, hTout, hTin and the hypothesis on φ\varphiφ only through the uniqueness theorem plugGluing_integralCurveOn_unique. The statement itself needs uniqueness of integral curves of ZZZ only along orbits that stay in the images of the interiors of UUU and VVV, away from the seam; the hypotheses are kept so that they match the mission's gluing statements. The plugs are not assumed hyperbolic.

Preamble
import Mathlib
import Definitions.Def_AnosovPlugs_Gluing

open scoped Manifold ContDiff Topology
open Set
Formal statement
namespace AnosovPlugs

theorem plugGluing_pieces_flowMap_invariant
    {U : Type} [TopologicalSpace U] [ChartedSpace (EuclideanHalfSpace 3) U]
    [IsManifold I3 ∞ U] [T2Space U] [CompactSpace U]
    {V : Type} [TopologicalSpace V] [ChartedSpace (EuclideanHalfSpace 3) V]
    [IsManifold I3 ∞ V] [T2Space V] [CompactSpace V]
    {W : Type} [TopologicalSpace W] [ChartedSpace (EuclideanHalfSpace 3) W]
    [IsManifold I3 ∞ W] [T2Space W] [CompactSpace W]
    (X : (x : U) → TangentSpace I3 x) (Y : (y : V) → TangentSpace I3 y)
    (hX : IsPlug X) (hY : IsPlug Y)
    (Tout : Set U) (Tin : Set V) (hTout : IsUnionOfComponents Tout (outBoundary X))
    (hTin : IsUnionOfComponents Tin (inBoundary Y)) (φ : U → V)
    (hφ : IsBoundaryDiffeo φ Tout Tin)
    (Z : (w : W) → TangentSpace I3 w) (iU : U → W) (iV : V → W)
    (hglue : IsPlugGluing X Y Tout φ Z iU iV) :
    (∀ w ∈ iU '' maxInvSet X, ∀ t : ℝ, flowMap Z t w ∈ iU '' maxInvSet X) ∧
    (∀ w ∈ iV '' maxInvSet Y, ∀ t : ℝ, flowMap Z t w ∈ iV '' maxInvSet Y) := by sorry

end AnosovPlugs
Source
F. Béguin, C. Bonatti, B. Yu, *Building Anosov flows on 3-manifolds*, Geom. Topol. 21 (2017) 1837–1930, https://doi.org/10.2140/gt.2017.21.1837 (arXiv:1408.3951v1). Used tacitly in the proof of Proposition 1.1 (arXiv v1 Section 3.1, p. 14), where the maximal invariant sets of the two plugs are treated as invariant sets of Z. Mission notions: IsPlugGluing, IsPlug, maxInvSet, flowMap; companion theorem plugGluing_integralCurveOn_unique.

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