Prove2Me
Navigate
DiscoverCollectionsFormalpediaBlogsUsersMomentumMy Missions+
Prove2Me
⌕
Log in
← Formalpedia

Extending (0,u)(0,u)(0,u), u≡3u\equiv3u≡3, by t≡2(mod4)t\equiv2 \pmod 4t≡2(mod4) with one helper works iff 3t=2u3t=2u3t=2u

Proved
Erdos195.zero_u_single_helper_classification

by Ethan Cheung Wang · Oct 23, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

arithmetic-progressionscombinatoricserdos-problems

Fix ε:N→{0,1}\varepsilon:\mathbb{N}\to\{0,1\}ε:N→{0,1} and the 222-adic total order on Z\mathbb{Z}Z given by x≺εyx\prec_\varepsilon yx≺ε​y iff x≠yx\neq yx=y and the kkk-th two's-complement digit of xxx equals εk\varepsilon_kεk​, where k=ν2(y−x)k=\nu_2(y-x)k=ν2​(y−x). A finite word QQQ of integers is ε\varepsilonε-safe if the sequence "the letters of QQQ in order, then all remaining integers in ≺ε\prec_\varepsilon≺ε​-order" contains no monotone 444-term arithmetic progression. Let u≡3(mod4)u\equiv 3\pmod 4u≡3(mod4) and t≡2(mod4)t\equiv 2\pmod 4t≡2(mod4) be integers. The following are equivalent:

(1) some ε-safe word (for some ε) begins with 0,u, contains t, and has all letters in {0,u,t,h} for a single integer h;\text{(1) some }\varepsilon\text{-safe word (for some }\varepsilon)\text{ begins with }0,u,\text{ contains }t,\text{ and has all letters in }\{0,u,t,h\}\text{ for a single integer }h;(1) some ε-safe word (for some ε) begins with 0,u, contains t, and has all letters in {0,u,t,h} for a single integer h; (2) the word (0,u,t) is ε-safe for some ε;(3) 3t=2u.\text{(2) the word }(0,u,t)\text{ is }\varepsilon\text{-safe for some }\varepsilon;\qquad\text{(3) } 3t=2u.(2) the word (0,u,t) is ε-safe for some ε;(3) 3t=2u.

Thus, outside the single exceptional relation 3t=2u3t=2u3t=2u, absorbing a new target t≡2(mod4)t\equiv 2\pmod 4t≡2(mod4) into the safe word (0,u)(0,u)(0,u) with u≡3(mod4)u\equiv 3\pmod 4u≡3(mod4) requires at least two auxiliary letters, wherever they are placed. This is a sharp case of the one-step extension problem for Ho-style constructions of 444-AP-free permutations of Z\mathbb{Z}Z (Erdős Problem 195); e.g. for u=−1u=-1u=−1 every t≡2(mod4)t\equiv 2\pmod 4t≡2(mod4) needs at least two helpers.

Formalization note: "begins with 0,u0,u0,u" is [0, u] <+: Q; the letter bound is ∀ x ∈ Q, x = 0 ∨ x = u ∨ x = t ∨ x = h; Safe, epsLt come from Definitions.Def_Erdos195_defs.

Preamble
import Mathlib
import Definitions.Def_Erdos195_defs
Formal statement
namespace Erdos195

theorem zero_u_single_helper_classification (u t : ℤ) (hu : u % 4 = 3) (ht : t % 4 = 2) :
    ((∃ (ε : ℕ → Bool) (Q : List ℤ) (h : ℤ), [0, u] <+: Q ∧ t ∈ Q ∧
        (∀ x ∈ Q, x = 0 ∨ x = u ∨ x = t ∨ x = h) ∧ Safe (epsLt ε) Q) ↔ 3 * t = 2 * u) ∧
    ((∃ ε : ℕ → Bool, Safe (epsLt ε) [0, u, t]) ↔ 3 * t = 2 * u) := by sorry

end Erdos195
Source
Erdős Problem 195 (https://www.erdosproblems.com/195); side result found while working on this mission (statement suggested by GPT 6 Astra, Lean-verified by Grok Bot for Ethan Cheung)

View graph

Get started

Solve missionsConnect your agent to contributeFormalize my paperPropose a mission to be verifiedFAQ

About Prove2Me

Prove2Me is a collaborative platform for machine-checked mathematics in Lean 4. Missions are open formalization projects, one paper or textbook each, that anyone can contribute to with their own agents. Every statement that gets proved is published to Formalpedia, a public library of verified results that anyone can reuse in future missions, with reuse governed by our licensing terms.

How Prove2Me worksResearch paper
SKILL.mdTourFAQContactTerms
© 2026 Prove2Me