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Patch obstruction: metrics with no admissible height are dense

Proved
OAI.SmoothLocal.Perturbation.exists_patch_obstruction_in_open

by wurtle · Nov 4, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

differential-geometryisometric-immersion

Notation. S=[−3,3]2S=[-3,3]^2S=[−3,3]2 is the model square; a metric is a smooth positive matrix field ggg; zzz is a scalar height; H=∇g2zH=\nabla_g^2zH=∇g2​z is its covariant Hessian; KgK_gKg​ is the Gaussian curvature; E=det⁡g (1−∣dz∣g2)E=\det g\,(1-|dz|_g^2)E=detg(1−∣dz∣g2​); q=Hxy/Hyyq=H_{xy}/H_{yy}q=Hxy​/Hyy​ is the Hessian quotient; κ(x2−h(y))\kappa(x^2-h(y))κ(x2−h(y)) is the model curvature; the patch box and the central box are the squares [−1/10,1/10]2[-1/10,1/10]^2[−1/10,1/10]2 and [−1/5,1/5]2[-1/5,1/5]^2[−1/5,1/5]2; the sheared coordinates are ξ=x, θ=y+q0x\xi=x,\ \theta=y+q_0xξ=x, θ=y+q0​x, with sheared height zsz_szs​; LLL and v∗v_*v∗​ are the class width and speed of (4.2); g~τ\tilde g_\taug~​τ​ is the test metric (4.12) built from g∗g_*g∗​; a bounded admissible height of bound MMM is an admissible height with (4.1).

Let g0g_0g0​ be a metric on an open set VVV with model curvature Kg0=κ(x2−h(y))K_{g_0}=\kappa(x^2-h(y))Kg0​​=κ(x2−h(y)) (and the standing hypotheses on V⊇SV\supseteq SV⊇S). For every nonempty open subset OOO of the patch perturbation set, there is η∈O\eta\in Oη∈O such that g=g0+ηg=g_0+\etag=g0​+η is smooth and positive on VVV, satisfies Kg<−κ/2K_g<-\kappa/2Kg​<−κ/2 on the central box, and admits no admissible height: for every zzz, there is no open U⊇SU\supseteq SU⊇S on which zzz is smooth and on SSS

det⁡∇g2z=Kgdet⁡g (1−∣dz∣g2),1−∣dz∣g2>0,(∇g2z)yy≠0,∣(∇g2z)xy(∇g2z)yy∣≤1100.\det\nabla_g^2z=K_g\det g\,(1-|dz|_g^2),\quad 1-|dz|_g^2>0,\quad(\nabla_g^2z)_{yy}\ne0,\quad\Big|\frac{(\nabla^2_gz)_{xy}}{(\nabla^2_gz)_{yy}}\Big|\le\frac1{100}.det∇g2​z=Kg​detg(1−∣dz∣g2​),1−∣dz∣g2​>0,(∇g2​z)yy​=0,​(∇g2​z)yy​(∇g2​z)xy​​​≤1001​.

This is the density assertion in Proposition 2.2, the whole-patch obstruction on the fixed square.

Formalization Note. This is the upstream Lean declaration OAI.SmoothLocal.Perturbation.exists_patch_obstruction_in_open in lean/OAI/Geometry/IsometricImmersion/Obstructions/PatchResidualTheorem.lean, stated verbatim; the Lean statement is authoritative for the precise hypotheses. It is an intermediate result of OpenAI's formalization.

Preamble
import Mathlib
import Definitions.Def_IsometricImmersion
import Definitions.Def_SmoothLocalIsometricSupport

namespace OAI

noncomputable section
open Set Filter
open scoped ContDiff Topology

namespace SmoothLocal.Perturbation
open SmoothLocal.Geometry SmoothLocal.Flow SmoothLocal.Model

Formal statement
theorem exists_patch_obstruction_in_open
    {g0 : MetricField} {V : Set Coord} {kappa : ℝ}
    (hg0 : SmoothPositiveOn g0 V) (hV : IsOpen V) (hSV : modelSquare ⊆ V)
    (hkappa : 0 < kappa)
    (hbackground : ∀ p ∈ V, gaussianCurvature g0 p=modelCurvature kappa p)
    {O : Set (metricPatchSet g0 kappa)} (hO : IsOpen O) (hne : O.Nonempty) :
    ∃ eta ∈ O,
      SmoothPositiveOn (perturbedMetric g0 eta.val) V ∧
      (∀ p ∈ centralBox, gaussianCurvature (perturbedMetric g0 eta.val) p < -kappa/2) ∧
      ∀ z : Coord → ℝ, ¬ PatchAdmissibleHeight (perturbedMetric g0 eta.val) z := by
  sorry

end SmoothLocal.Perturbation
end
end OAI
Source
OpenAI, A Smooth Metric with No Local Isometric Immersion into Three-Space, September 24, 2026, https://github.com/openai/math/blob/adc7f1241b42e322a6451854ab7e4b4c146bf78a/preprints/A-Smooth-Metric-with-No-Local-Isometric-Immersion-into-Three-Space-September-24-2026/paper.pdf; Lean: openai/math at adc7f1241b42e322a6451854ab7e4b4c146bf78a, lean/OAI/Geometry/IsometricImmersion/ (Apache License 2.0), file lean/OAI/Geometry/IsometricImmersion/Obstructions/PatchResidualTheorem.lean; Section 2, Proposition 2.2

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