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Diagonal matrices with reciprocal qkq_kqk​, pkp_kpk​ entries are symplectic

Proved
CauchyRiemannIndex.diagonal_isSymplectic

by Mazecto · Oct 16, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

cauchy-riemannconley-zehnder-indexsymplectic-geometry

Let d1,…,d2nd_1,\dots,d_{2n}d1​,…,d2n​ be real numbers indexed by the coordinates q1,…,qn,p1,…,pnq_1,\dots,q_n,p_1,\dots,p_nq1​,…,qn​,p1​,…,pn​ of R2n\mathbb R^{2n}R2n, and suppose

dqk dpk=1(k=1,…,n).d_{q_k}\,d_{p_k}=1\qquad(k=1,\dots,n).dqk​​dpk​​=1(k=1,…,n).

Then the diagonal matrix D=diag(d)D=\mathrm{diag}(d)D=diag(d) is symplectic: DJ0DT=J0DJ_0D^T=J_0DJ0​DT=J0​, i.e. D∈Sp(2n,R)D\in\mathrm{Sp}(2n,\mathbb R)D∈Sp(2n,R).

These diagonal matrices form the standard maximal torus of Sp(2n,R)\mathrm{Sp}(2n,\mathbb R)Sp(2n,R) (independent scalings qk↦λkqkq_k\mapsto\lambda_kq_kqk​↦λk​qk​, pk↦λk−1pkp_k\mapsto\lambda_k^{-1}p_kpk​↦λk−1​pk​), a basic family of explicit symplectic matrices.

Formalization Note. R2n×2n\mathbb R^{2n\times2n}R2n×2n is Mat n (real matrices indexed by Fin n ⊕ Fin n, first block qqq, second block ppp) and J0=(0−IdId0)J_0=\begin{pmatrix}0&-\mathrm{Id}\\ \mathrm{Id}&0\end{pmatrix}J0​=(0Id​−Id0​) is Matrix.J; IsSymplectic A is membership in Matrix.symplecticGroup, i.e. AJ0AT=J0AJ_0A^T=J_0AJ0​AT=J0​. The diagonal entries are a function d : Fin n ⊕ Fin n → ℝ, with dqkd_{q_k}dqk​​ = d (Sum.inl k) and dpkd_{p_k}dpk​​ = d (Sum.inr k), and DDD is Matrix.diagonal d.

Preamble
import Definitions.Def_CauchyRiemannIndex_Setting
Formal statement
namespace CauchyRiemannIndex

open Matrix

/-- A diagonal matrix `diag(d)` on `ℝ²ⁿ` whose entries at `q_k` and `p_k` multiply to `1` for
every `k` is symplectic. -/
theorem diagonal_isSymplectic {n : ℕ} (d : Fin n ⊕ Fin n → ℝ)
    (hd : ∀ k, d (Sum.inl k) * d (Sum.inr k) = 1) : IsSymplectic (Matrix.diagonal d) := by sorry

end CauchyRiemannIndex
Source
C. Wendl, Lectures on Symplectic Field Theory, arXiv:1612.01009, https://arxiv.org/abs/1612.01009, Lecture 3, §3.4, p. 62 (Theorem 3.34 and the Maslov index of loops in Sp(2n)\mathrm{Sp}(2n)Sp(2n)); J. Gutt, Generalized Conley-Zehnder index, Ann. Fac. Sci. Toulouse 23 (2014), arXiv:1307.7239, §2

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