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The conformal direction of superspace is timelike

Proved
WheelerDeWittSuperspace.superQuad_conformal_neg

by Mazecto · Oct 5, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

general-relativitymathematical-physicsquantum-gravity

For every positive-definite 3×33\times33×3 matrix hhh,

Gabcd(h) (h−1)ab(h−1)cd<0.G_{abcd}(h)\,(h^{-1})^{ab}(h^{-1})^{cd}<0 .Gabcd​(h)(h−1)ab(h−1)cd<0.

Together with positivity on hhh-traceless symmetric momenta, the DeWitt supermetric on the six-dimensional space of symmetric momenta has signature (5,1)(5,1)(5,1); the negative direction is the conformal (volume) mode.

Preamble
import Definitions.Def_WheelerDeWittSuperspace

set_option autoImplicit false

open Matrix
Formal statement
namespace WheelerDeWittSuperspace

/-- Milestone 1 (Lorentzian signature, negative direction): the conformal direction
`p = h⁻¹` is timelike. -/
theorem superQuad_conformal_neg (m : Matrix (Fin 3) (Fin 3) ℝ) (hm : m.PosDef) :
    superQuad m m⁻¹ < 0 := by sorry

end WheelerDeWittSuperspace
Source
B. S. DeWitt, Quantum Theory of Gravity I. The Canonical Theory, Phys. Rev. 160 (1967) 1113-1148, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.160.1113, Section 5; C. Kiefer, Quantum Geometrodynamics: whence, whither?, Gen. Relativ. Gravit. 41 (2009) 877-901, https://arxiv.org/abs/0812.0295, eq. (5)
Read-back

What the Lean code literally says, in plain math · claude-opus-5-5

Read-back of WheelerDeWittSuperspace.superQuad_conformal_neg.

Binders and hypotheses. The statement has exactly two inputs, and nothing else is quantified:

  • an arbitrary real 3×33\times 33×3 matrix m=(mab)a,b∈{0,1,2}m = (m_{ab})_{a,b\in\{0,1,2\}}m=(mab​)a,b∈{0,1,2}​;
  • a hypothesis that mmm is positive definite, in Mathlib's sense. This means (i) mmm is symmetric (mT=mm^{\mathsf T} = mmT=m, i.e. Hermitian over R\mathbb RR), and (ii) ∑i,jxi mij xj>0\sum_{i,j} x_i\, m_{ij}\, x_j > 0∑i,j​xi​mij​xj​>0 for every nonzero vector x∈R3x \in \mathbb R^3x∈R3 (Mathlib states this for finitely supported vectors, which here is all of R3\mathbb R^3R3).

There are no physical constants, sites, configurations or wavefunctions. Only the single matrix mmm appears.

Conclusion. The statement asserts the strict inequality

Gm(m−1,m−1)  <  0.\mathcal G_m\big(m^{-1}, m^{-1}\big) \;<\; 0 .Gm​(m−1,m−1)<0.

Here m−1m^{-1}m−1 is Mathlib's matrix inverse. In general this is (det⁡m)−1adj⁡(m)(\det m)^{-1}\operatorname{adj}(m)(detm)−1adj(m) when det⁡m\det mdetm is a unit and the zero matrix otherwise. Positive definiteness forces det⁡m>0\det m > 0detm>0, so here m−1m^{-1}m−1 is the genuine two-sided inverse. The quadratic form Gm(p,p)\mathcal G_m(p,p)Gm​(p,p) (the definition superQuad) is defined for any real 3×33\times33×3 matrix p=(pab)p = (p^{ab})p=(pab) as the full quadruple sum

Gm(p,p)  =  ∑a=02∑b=02∑c=02∑d=02Gabcd(m)  pab pcd,\mathcal G_m(p,p) \;=\; \sum_{a=0}^{2}\sum_{b=0}^{2}\sum_{c=0}^{2}\sum_{d=0}^{2} G_{abcd}(m)\; p^{ab}\, p^{cd},Gm​(p,p)=a=0∑2​b=0∑2​c=0∑2​d=0∑2​Gabcd​(m)pabpcd,

with coefficients (the definition deWitt)

Gabcd(m)  =  mac mbd+mad mbc−mab mcd2det⁡m.G_{abcd}(m) \;=\; \frac{m_{ac}\,m_{bd} + m_{ad}\,m_{bc} - m_{ab}\,m_{cd}}{2\sqrt{\det m}} .Gabcd​(m)=2detm​mac​mbd​+mad​mbc​−mab​mcd​​.

In this formula, det⁡m\sqrt{\det m}detm​ (the definition volume) is Mathlib's real square root Real.sqrt, which returns 000 on negative arguments. Division is real division, with the convention x/0=0x/0 = 0x/0=0. Under the hypothesis det⁡m>0\det m > 0detm>0, so the denominator 2det⁡m2\sqrt{\det m}2detm​ is strictly positive and neither junk convention is triggered.

Substituting p=m−1p = m^{-1}p=m−1, so that pab=(m−1)abp^{ab} = (m^{-1})_{ab}pab=(m−1)ab​, the claim reads

∑a,b,c,d=02mac mbd+mad mbc−mab mcd2det⁡m  (m−1)ab (m−1)cd  <  0.\sum_{a,b,c,d=0}^{2} \frac{m_{ac}\,m_{bd} + m_{ad}\,m_{bc} - m_{ab}\,m_{cd}}{2\sqrt{\det m}}\;(m^{-1})_{ab}\,(m^{-1})_{cd} \;<\; 0 .a,b,c,d=0∑2​2detm​mac​mbd​+mad​mbc​−mab​mcd​​(m−1)ab​(m−1)cd​<0.

The same matrix mmm serves both as the metric in the coefficients and, inverted, as the "momentum" argument. The inverse enters with the index order (m−1)ab(m^{-1})_{ab}(m−1)ab​ exactly as written, with no transposition. Since mmm is symmetric, m−1m^{-1}m−1 is symmetric as well.

Edge cases and vacuity.

  • The dimension is fixed at 333; there is no varying size and no empty case.
  • The hypothesis is satisfiable, for example by the identity matrix m=I3m = I_3m=I3​. For m=I3m = I_3m=I3​ the claim specialises to 12∑a,b,c,d(δacδbd+δadδbc−δabδcd) δab δcd<0\tfrac12\sum_{a,b,c,d}(\delta_{ac}\delta_{bd}+\delta_{ad}\delta_{bc}-\delta_{ab}\delta_{cd})\,\delta_{ab}\,\delta_{cd} < 021​∑a,b,c,d​(δac​δbd​+δad​δbc​−δab​δcd​)δab​δcd​<0. So the statement is not vacuous.
  • Non-symmetric or indefinite matrices are excluded by the hypothesis, so the junk values of Real.sqrt, of division by zero and of the inverse of a singular matrix never arise within the statement's scope.
  • The conclusion is a strict inequality (<0<0<0), not ≤0\le 0≤0.
Human review
  • Endorsed by Shuze Chen · Oct 8, 2026

    Confirmed by the moderator at approval.

  • Endorsed by Mazecto · Oct 8, 2026

    Confirmed by the mission captain (proposal self-audit).

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