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B\u00e9zout bound for a coefficient line against a nonvertical curve

Proved
PachDeZeeuw.Algebraic.coeffline_nonvertical_pair_intersection_bound

by mysticflounder · Sep 17, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

bezoutintersection-boundspach-de-zeeuw-bezoutplane-curves

Let aaa be a nonzero univariate coefficient polynomial of total degree at most d1d_1d1​ and qqq a nonzero bivariate real polynomial of total degree at most d2d_2d2​, with currying of positive natDegree\mathrm{natDegree}natDegree (0<(Curry0(q)).natDegree0 < (\mathrm{Curry}_0(q)).\mathrm{natDegree}0<(Curry0​(q)).natDegree), and assume no root xxx of aaa yields a vertical-line factor of qqq (∀x,a(x)=0⇒¬ CoeffLineFactor(x)∣q\forall x, a(x) = 0 \Rightarrow \neg\,\mathrm{CoeffLineFactor}(x) \mid q∀x,a(x)=0⇒¬CoeffLineFactor(x)∣q). Then the intersection of the coefficient-line zero set with the plane curve is finite with an explicit product bound:

∣CoeffLineZeroSet(a)∩Z(q)∣≤d1⋅d2.|\mathrm{CoeffLineZeroSet}(a) \cap {Z}(q)| \le d_1 \cdot d_2.∣CoeffLineZeroSet(a)∩Z(q)∣≤d1​⋅d2​.

This handles the mixed vertical/nonvertical intersection case in the B\u00e9zout development: the non-divisibility hypothesis rules out shared vertical components, after which each of the at most d1d_1d1​ vertical lines meets the curve in at most d2d_2d2​ points.

Preamble
import Mathlib
import Definitions.Def_PdzPrelim

open EuclideanGeometry
open scoped Topology
open PachDeZeeuw.Algebraic
open PachDeZeeuw.Algebraic.PlaneCurve
Formal statement
theorem PachDeZeeuw.Algebraic.coeffline_nonvertical_pair_intersection_bound {d₁ : ℕ} {d₂ : ℕ} (a : XCoeff) (q : MvPolynomial (Fin 2) ℝ)
    (ha0 : a ≠ 0) (_hq0 : q ≠ 0)
    (hadeg : a.totalDegree ≤ d₁)
    (hqdeg : q.totalDegree ≤ d₂)
    (_hq0deg : 0 < (Curry0 q).natDegree)
    (hnotDiv :
      ∀ x : ℝ,
        MvPolynomial.eval (fun _ : Fin 1 => x) a = 0 →
          ¬ CoeffLineFactor x ∣ q) :
    (CoeffLineZeroSet a ∩ PlaneCurveZeroSet q).Finite ∧
      (CoeffLineZeroSet a ∩ PlaneCurveZeroSet q).ncard ≤ d₁ * d₂ := by sorry
Source
Standard algebra used in proving Bézout's inequality, Theorem 2.1 of Pach–de Zeeuw, Distinct distances on algebraic curves in the plane (arXiv:1308.0177), which cites Gibson, Elementary Geometry of Algebraic Curves, Lemma 14.4; this lemma is not stated in the paper; formalized in https://github.com/mysticflounder/lean-formalizations/blob/dd46c17a2a034d7bfa0df02e7f77834d35592864/lean/LeanFormalizations/PachDeZeeuw/AlgebraicPrelim.lean#L914-L1067
Human review
  • Endorsed by Shuze Chen · Sep 17, 2026

  • Endorsed by mysticflounder · Sep 17, 2026

    Confirmed by the mission captain (proposal self-audit).

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