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No tree-safe word (0,1,−1)⋅R⋅(2)(0,1,-1)\cdot R\cdot(2)(0,1,−1)⋅R⋅(2) with all auxiliaries odd

Proved
Erdos195.no_odd_target_last

by Ethan Cheung Wang · Oct 23, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

arithmetic-progressionscombinatoricserdos-problems

A tree witness is a function θ(k,r)∈{0,1}\theta(k,r)\in\{0,1\}θ(k,r)∈{0,1} on the nodes (k,r)(k,r)(k,r), 0≤r<2k0\le r<2^k0≤r<2k, of the binary tree of residues. For distinct integers x,yx,yx,y with k=ν2(y−x)k=\nu_2(y-x)k=ν2​(y−x), put x≺θyx\prec_\theta yx≺θ​y iff bitk(x)=θ(k, x mod 2k)\mathrm{bit}_k(x)=\theta(k,\,x\bmod 2^k)bitk​(x)=θ(k,xmod2k). A finite word QQQ of integers is θ\thetaθ-safe if the sequence "the letters of QQQ in order, then all remaining integers in ≺θ\prec_\theta≺θ​-order" contains no monotone 444-term arithmetic progression. For letters aaa before bbb in QQQ, the pair (a,b)(a,b)(a,b) is OPEN if neither 2b−a2b-a2b−a nor 3b−2a3b-2a3b−2a occurs in QQQ. There is no tree witness θ\thetaθ and no list RRR of odd integers such that the word

(0,1,−1)⋅R⋅(2)(0,1,-1)\cdot R\cdot(2)(0,1,−1)⋅R⋅(2)

is θ\thetaθ-safe. So in the tree-witness approach, the target 222 cannot be absorbed last after (0,1,−1)(0,1,-1)(0,1,−1) using only odd auxiliary letters; even helpers are necessary. (The asymmetric word HHH of GPT Astra, which uses only odd repairs, accordingly places them after 222.)

Formalization note: treeLt θ is from Definitions.Def_Erdos195_tree, and Safe is from Definitions.Def_Erdos195_defs. Positions are List.idxOf; the word is written (0 :: 1 :: -1 :: rest) ++ [2], and the hypothesis 2∉rest2\notin\mathrm{rest}2∈/rest makes 222 the last letter and its only occurrence.

Preamble
import Mathlib
import Definitions.Def_Erdos195_tree
Formal statement
namespace Erdos195

theorem no_odd_target_last (R : List ℤ) (hR : ∀ r ∈ R, r % 2 = 1) :
    ¬ ∃ θ : ℕ → ℤ → Bool, Safe (treeLt θ) ((0 :: 1 :: -1 :: R) ++ [2]) := by sorry

end Erdos195
Source
Erdős Problem 195 (https://www.erdosproblems.com/195); tree-witness framework; argument by GPT Astra, Lean-verified by Grok Bot for Ethan Cheung (Oct 23 2026)

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