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The sink's fourth term never conflicts with its own fully open path

Proved
Erdos195.open_path_sink_compatible

by Ethan Cheung Wang · Oct 23, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

arithmetic-progressionscombinatoricserdos-problems

A tree witness θ:N×Z→{0,1}\theta:\mathbb N\times\mathbb Z\to\{0,1\}θ:N×Z→{0,1} defines a strict total order ≺θ\prec_\theta≺θ​ on Z\mathbb ZZ (milestone framework). A finite word TTT of integers is θ\thetaθ-safe if the sequence "letters of TTT in order, then all remaining integers in ≺θ\prec_\theta≺θ​-order" has no monotone 4-term arithmetic progression; positions are first occurrences. For an in-order pair (a,b)(a,b)(a,b) of a word (aaa before bbb), call t=2b−at=2b-at=2b−a its third term, w=3b−2aw=3b-2aw=3b−2a its fourth term, and ν2(b−a)\nu_2(b-a)ν2​(b−a) its level. An open path in TTT is a family of in-order pairs (ai,bi)(a_i,b_i)(ai​,bi​), 0≤i<m0\le i<m0≤i<m, of letters of TTT with 3bi−2ai=2bi+1−ai+13b_i-2a_i=2b_{i+1}-a_{i+1}3bi​−2ai​=2bi+1​−ai+1​ for 0≤i<m−10\le i<m-10≤i<m−1 and no third term ti=2bi−ait_i=2b_i-a_iti​=2bi​−ai​ in TTT. Write di=bi−aid_i=b_i-a_idi​=bi​−ai​, ki=ν2(di)k_i=\nu_2(d_i)ki​=ν2​(di​), and w=3bm−1−2am−1w=3b_{m-1}-2a_{m-1}w=3bm−1​−2am−1​ for the fourth term of the last (sink) pair.

Theorem. Suppose TTT is θ\thetaθ-safe and contains an open path of length mmm whose sink fourth term www is absent from TTT. Let j<mj<mj<m, put k=kj=ν2(bj−aj)k=k_j=\nu_2(b_j-a_j)k=kj​=ν2​(bj​−aj​), and let x∈Zx\in\mathbb Zx∈Z satisfy ν2(w−x)=k\nu_2(w-x)=kν2​(w−x)=k and x≡aj(mod2k)x\equiv a_j \pmod{2^k}x≡aj​(mod2k) (the pair (x,w)(x,w)(x,w) has the level of pair jjj and sits at its node). Then θ(k,  x mod 2k)=1  ⟺  the k-th binary digit of w is 1.\theta\bigl(k,\;x \bmod 2^k\bigr)=1\iff \text{the $k$-th binary digit of $w$ is }1 .θ(k,xmod2k)=1⟺the k-th binary digit of w is 1.

In the tree characterization of safety, this is exactly the orientation condition of the new pair (x,w)(x,w)(x,w) created when www is appended. By milestone #149 every closure of the path must place www first, and this result shows that the path's own fully open pairs never cause a node conflict for that step: any obstruction to appending www comes from pairs off the path. (Proof idea: w≡aj(mod2k)w\equiv a_j \pmod{2^k}w≡aj​(mod2k) forces ν2(∑l>jdl)>k\nu_2(\sum_{l>j}d_l)>kν2​(∑l>j​dl​)>k by the ruler law, so w≡bj(mod2k+1)w\equiv b_j\pmod{2^{k+1}}w≡bj​(mod2k+1).)

Preamble
import Mathlib
import Definitions.Def_Erdos195_tree
Formal statement
namespace Erdos195

theorem open_path_sink_compatible (θ : ℕ → ℤ → Bool) (T : List ℤ) (hS : Safe (treeLt θ) T)
    (m : ℕ) (a b : ℕ → ℤ)
    (ha : ∀ i < m, a i ∈ T) (hb : ∀ i < m, b i ∈ T)
    (hi : ∀ i < m, T.idxOf (a i) < T.idxOf (b i))
    (hpath : ∀ i, i + 1 < m → 3 * b i - 2 * a i = 2 * b (i + 1) - a (i + 1))
    (ht : ∀ i < m, 2 * b i - a i ∉ T)
    (hw : 3 * b (m - 1) - 2 * a (m - 1) ∉ T)
    (x : ℤ) (j : ℕ) (hj : j < m)
    (hk : padicValInt 2 ((3 * b (m - 1) - 2 * a (m - 1)) - x) = padicValInt 2 (b j - a j))
    (hnode : x % 2 ^ padicValInt 2 (b j - a j) = a j % 2 ^ padicValInt 2 (b j - a j)) :
    (θ (padicValInt 2 ((3 * b (m - 1) - 2 * a (m - 1)) - x))
        (x % 2 ^ padicValInt 2 ((3 * b (m - 1) - 2 * a (m - 1)) - x)) = true ↔
      bitOne (3 * b (m - 1) - 2 * a (m - 1)) (padicValInt 2 ((3 * b (m - 1) - 2 * a (m - 1)) - x))) := by sorry

end Erdos195
Source
Erdős Problem 195 (https://www.erdosproblems.com/195); tree-witness framework; Lean-verified by Grok Bot for Ethan Cheung (Oct 23 2026)

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