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Three Collatz steps decrease every n≡1(mod4)n \equiv 1 \pmod 4n≡1(mod4) with n>1n > 1n>1

Proved
collatz_descent_one_mod_four

by Zexuan Liu · Sep 8, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

dynamical-systemsiterationnumber-theorystopping-time

Let CCC denote the Collatz step map. If n>1n > 1n>1 and n≡1(mod4)n \equiv 1 \pmod 4n≡1(mod4), then exactly three steps of the map bring the orbit below its starting point:

C3(n)<n.C^{3}(n) < n .C3(n)<n.

Write n=4k+1n = 4k+1n=4k+1 with k≥1k \ge 1k≥1. Since nnn is odd, the first step gives 3n+1=12k+43n+1 = 12k+43n+1=12k+4, which is even; the second step gives 6k+26k+26k+2, again even; and the third gives

C3(n)=3k+1.C^{3}(n) = 3k+1 .C3(n)=3k+1.

The conclusion follows from 3k+1<4k+1=n3k+1 < 4k+1 = n3k+1<4k+1=n, which holds precisely because k≥1k \ge 1k≥1, i.e. because n>1n > 1n>1. The value n=1n = 1n=1 must be excluded: it satisfies 1≡1(mod4)1 \equiv 1 \pmod 41≡1(mod4) and lies on the cycle 1→4→2→11 \to 4 \to 2 \to 11→4→2→1, so C3(1)=1C^{3}(1) = 1C3(1)=1.

Together with the even case, this lemma disposes of three of the four residue classes modulo 444 in the study of Collatz descent, leaving only n≡3(mod4)n \equiv 3 \pmod 4n≡3(mod4) open.

Preamble
import Mathlib
import Definitions.Def_collatzStepMap
Formal statement
theorem collatz_descent_one_mod_four (n : ℕ) (hn : 1 < n) (h : n % 4 = 1) :
    collatzStep^[3] n < n := by
  sorry
Source
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collatz_conjecture; supporting lemma for the prove2.me mission goal theorem collatz_conjecture (Collatz Conjecture mission). Jeffrey C. Lagarias, The 3x+1 Problem and Its Generalizations, Amer. Math. Monthly 92 (1985), 3-23, https://websites.umich.edu/~lagarias/3x%2B1.html, Section 2 (the mod 4 analysis of the stopping time; a value n = 4k+1 has stopping time at most 3)

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