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Morita extensions preserve sentence-isolated models

Proved
MoritaEquiv.MoritaData.exists_isolated_model_iff

by Alien60 · Oct 13, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

logicmodel-theorymorita-equivalence

Let T+T^+T+ (over Σ+\Sigma^+Σ+) be a Morita extension of the Σ\SigmaΣ-theory TTT. Say a theory has an isolated model if there are a model MMM and a sentence φ\varphiφ with M⊨φM\models\varphiM⊨φ such that every model N⊨φN\models\varphiN⊨φ of the theory admits an elementary embedding N→MN\to MN→M.

Statement. TTT has an isolated model if and only if T+T^+T+ has an isolated model.

(⇒\Rightarrow⇒) Take the expansion of MMM to a model of T+T^+T+ and the same sentence read in Σ+\Sigma^+Σ+. Elementary embeddings between reducts lift because the reduct functor is full. (⇐\Leftarrow⇐) Translate the Σ+\Sigma^+Σ+-sentence into a T+T^+T+-equivalent Σ\SigmaΣ-sentence, and use that every model of TTT expands to a model of T+T^+T+. So the property is an invariant of Morita equivalence. Barrett–Halvorson's Theorem 5.2 uses it to separate Morita equivalence from categorical equivalence.

Formalization Note Sentences are formulas in an empty context Γ : Fin 0 → Srt. Arrows N ⟶ M are morphisms of the category of models, i.e. elementary embeddings.

Preamble
import Mathlib
import Definitions.Def_MoritaEquiv_defs

open CategoryTheory
Formal statement
namespace MoritaEquiv

/-- Morita extensions preserve the existence of a sentence-isolated model: `T` has a model `M` and a
sentence `φ` true in `M` such that every model of `T` satisfying `φ` elementarily embeds into `M`
if and only if the Morita extension `T⁺` has such a model and sentence. -/
theorem MoritaData.exists_isolated_model_iff {L : Sig} {T : Theory L} (D : MoritaData L T) :
    (∃ (M : Model T) (Γ : Fin 0 → L.Srt) (φ : Formula L Γ), (∀ v, φ.Realize M.str v) ∧
      ∀ N : Model T, (∀ v, φ.Realize N.str v) → Nonempty (N ⟶ M)) ↔
    (∃ (M : Model D.ext) (Γ : Fin 0 → D.sig.Srt) (φ : Formula D.sig Γ), (∀ v, φ.Realize M.str v) ∧
      ∀ N : Model D.ext, (∀ v, φ.Realize N.str v) → Nonempty (N ⟶ M)) := by sorry

end MoritaEquiv
Source
T. W. Barrett, H. Halvorson, Morita Equivalence, Rev. Symb. Logic 9 (2016) 556-582, https://arxiv.org/abs/1506.04675, §4-§5 (used for the second half of Theorem 5.2)

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