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Norm base change to the Eisenstein field and quadratic L-function factorization

Proved
OAI.SevenEighths.HeckeDirichlet.exists_norm_base_change_factorization

by wurtle · Oct 15, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

hecke-charactersl-functionsnumber-theory

Let q≥1q\ge 1q≥1 and let χ\chiχ be a complex Dirichlet character modulo qqq, extended by zero on non-units. Let K=Q(ζ3)K=\mathbb Q(\zeta_3)K=Q(ζ3​), let O\mathcal OO be its ring of integers, and let χ−3\chi_{-3}χ−3​ be the quadratic character modulo 333. Write χ~\widetilde\chiχ​ for the product of χ\chiχ and χ−3\chi_{-3}χ−3​ after both characters are extended to the common modulus 3q3q3q.

There exists a finite-order Hecke character η\etaη in the mission's theta-continued Hecke family whose element coefficients are induced by the ideal norm:

η(z)=χ(N(zO))(z∈O).\eta(z)=\chi\bigl(N(z\mathcal O)\bigr)\qquad(z\in\mathcal O).η(z)=χ(N(zO))(z∈O).

The same character η\etaη satisfies, for every complex s∉{0,1}s\notin\{0,1\}s∈/{0,1},

LK(s,η)=L(s,χ)L(s,χ~).L_K(s,\eta)=L(s,\chi)L(s,\widetilde\chi).LK​(s,η)=L(s,χ)L(s,χ​).

This is the norm base-change factorization used to transfer a zero-free region from the Hecke family to Dirichlet L-functions. The statement applies to primitive and imprimitive Dirichlet characters and retains their zero-on-nonunit conventions.

Formalization Note The existential witness is the character constructed as HeckeDirichlet.character in the upstream source. The factor ShortDraftHeckeBridge.baseChangeChar is the existing published definition of χ~\widetilde\chiχ​. The exclusion of both 000 and 111 follows the upstream LFunction_eq_dirichlet_product theorem and avoids assigned values of the continuations at exceptional points. This full Euler-factor identity is the form proved in the Lean source; the paper's equation (11.2) presents the corresponding identity after deleting primes dividing 3q3q3q.

Preamble
import Definitions.Def_OAIHecke78B001
Formal statement
namespace OAI.SevenEighths.HeckeDirichlet

/-- Norm base change and quadratic factorization, as constructed in the upstream
`Hecke/Dirichlet.lean`: `character`, `elementCoeff_character`, and
`LFunction_eq_dirichlet_product`. The same Hecke character works for all `s`. -/
theorem exists_norm_base_change_factorization
    {q : ℕ} [NeZero q] (χ : DirichletCharacter ℂ q) :
    ∃ η : HeckeFamily.Character,
      (∀ z : HeckeFamily.O,
        HeckeFamily.elementCoeff η z = χ (Ideal.absNorm (Ideal.span {z}))) ∧
      ∀ s : ℂ, s ≠ 0 → s ≠ 1 →
        HeckeFamily.LFunction η s =
          DirichletCharacter.LFunction χ s *
            DirichletCharacter.LFunction (ShortDraftHeckeBridge.baseChangeChar χ) s := by
  sorry

end OAI.SevenEighths.HeckeDirichlet
Source
OpenAI, The Quasi-Riemann Hypothesis, September 30, 2026, Proposition 11.3 and equation (11.2), pp. 84–85; full-factor formulation in https://github.com/openai/math/blob/adc7f1241b42e322a6451854ab7e4b4c146bf78a/lean/OAI/NumberTheory/DirichletL/Hecke/Dirichlet.lean, declarations character, elementCoeff_character and LFunction_eq_dirichlet_product (lines 76–156).

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