Prove2Me

Connection entry data produce a transverse first return with one wall crossing

Proved
BianchiIX.exists_connection_first_return

by trppppp · Nov 5, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

bianchi-ix-era-statisticsdynamical-systems

For real variables p,s,a,b,cp,s,a,b,c, set

K=a2+b2+c2−2(ab+bc+ca),S=p2+s2,C=S+K.K=a^2+b^2+c^2-2(ab+bc+ca),\qquad S=p^2+s^2,\qquad C=S+K.

The shear components and wall rates are

P=Kp−2a2+b2+c2+ab−2bc+ac,P=Kp-2a^2+b^2+c^2+ab-2bc+ac, Q=Ks+3(−b2+c2+ab−ac),Q=Ks+\sqrt{3}(-b^2+c^2+ab-ac), r1=−S+2p,r2=−S−p+3s,r3=−S−p−3s.r_1=-S+2p,\qquad r_2=-S-p+\sqrt{3}s,\qquad r_3=-S-p-\sqrt{3}s.

These functions define the normalized vacuum Bianchi IX vector field (P,Q,r1a,r2b,r3c)(P,Q,r_1a,r_2b,r_3c). For y=(m,u,v,w)∈R4y=(m,u,v,w)\in\mathbb R^4, define

K(u,v,w)=u2+v2+w2−2(uv+vw+wu),κ=u(v+w−u),K(u,v,w)=u^2+v^2+w^2-2(uv+vw+wu),\qquad \kappa=u(v+w-u), Fm=−v2+w2+u(v−w)−mκ,Fu=12(1−m2−(v−w)2+u2)u,F_m=-v^2+w^2+u(v-w)-m\kappa,\qquad F_u=\tfrac12(1-m^2-(v-w)^2+u^2)u, Fv=(m−1−κ)v,Fw=(−m−1−κ)w,F=(Fm,Fu,Fv,Fw),F_v=(m-1-\kappa)v,\qquad F_w=(-m-1-\kappa)w,\qquad F=(F_m,F_u,F_v,F_w),

and E(m,v)=(m−1)2+v2E(m,v)=(m-1)^2+v^2.

For x=(p,s,a,b,c)x=(p,s,a,b,c), put

ψ(p,z)=3 z1+p,Π(x)=(ψ(p,s),ψ(p,a),ψ(p,b),ψ(p,c)).\psi(p,z)=\frac{\sqrt3\,z}{1+p},\qquad \Pi(x)=(\psi(p,s),\psi(p,a),\psi(p,b),\psi(p,c)).

For y=(m,u,v,w)y=(m,u,v,w), set D(y)=3+m2+K(u,v,w)D(y)=3+m^2+K(u,v,w) and

ΞA(y)=(A−1,Am3,Au3,Av3,Aw3),Ξ(y)=Ξ6/D(y)(y).\Xi_A(y)=\left(A-1,\frac{Am}{\sqrt3},\frac{Au}{\sqrt3}, \frac{Av}{\sqrt3},\frac{Aw}{\sqrt3}\right),\qquad \Xi(y)=\Xi_{6/D(y)}(y).

Write N(x)=(P,Q,r1a,r2b,r3c)N(x)=(P,Q,r_1a,r_2b,r_3c) for the normalized vector field and C(x)=C(p,s,a,b,c)\mathcal C(x)=C(p,s,a,b,c) for its constraint.

The normalized and projective state spaces are R5\mathbb R^5 and R4\mathbb R^4 with their finite-product norms. The maps Π,Ξ,D,F\Pi,\Xi,D,F act on these state spaces.

The projective vector field in normalized time is

G(y)=6D(y)F(y).G(y)=\frac6{D(y)}F(y).

Write X=R5X=\mathbb R^5, Y=R4Y=\mathbb R^4, and let αx,t0\alpha_{x,t_0} be the maximal solution of α′=N(α)\alpha'=N(\alpha) with initial value xx at t0t_0 and domain Imax⁡(x,t0)I_{\max}(x,t_0). Put

Jx,t0(t)=dxαx,t0(t),Ψt0(y,t)=Π(αΞ(y),t0(t)),J_{x,t_0}(t)=d_x\alpha_{x,t_0}(t),\qquad \Psi_{t_0}(y,t)=\Pi(\alpha_{\Xi(y),t_0}(t)), Jy,t0(t)=dΠαΞ(y),t0(t)∘JΞ(y),t0(t)∘dΞy.\mathcal J_{y,t_0}(t)=d\Pi_{\alpha_{\Xi(y),t_0}(t)} \circ J_{\Xi(y),t_0}(t)\circ d\Xi_y.

Put c=u(v+w−u)c=u(v+w-u), s(m,u,v,w)=m−1−cs(m,u,v,w)=m-1-c, b(m,u,v,w)=(1−m2−(v−w)2+u2)/2b(m,u,v,w)=(1-m^2-(v-w)^2+u^2)/2, D(m,u,v,w)=3+m2+K(u,v,w)D(m,u,v,w)=3+m^2+K(u,v,w), and r(m,v)=(m−1)2+v2r(m,v)=\sqrt{(m-1)^2+v^2}.

Define

Cμ={(m,u,v,w):∣−m−μ∣≤1/2, 0≤u≤1/10000, 0≤v,w≤1},\mathcal C_\mu=\{(m,u,v,w):|-m-\mu|\leq1/2, \ 0\leq u\leq1/10000,\ 0\leq v,w\leq1\}, ω−(y)=s(−ym,yu,yv,yw),H(y)=F(y)/ω−(y).\omega_-(y)=s(-y_m,y_u,y_v,y_w),\qquad H(y)=F(y)/\omega_-(y).

For a normalized trajectory write

β(t)=Π(αx,t0(t)),A(t)=1+(αx,t0(t))0,I=Imax⁡(x,t0).\beta(t)=\Pi(\alpha_{x,t_0}(t)),\quad A(t)=1+(\alpha_{x,t_0}(t))_0, \quad I=I_{\max}(x,t_0).

For p=(μ,u,w)∈R3p=(\mu,u,w)\in\mathbb R^3, set e(p)=(−μ,u,1,w)e(p)=(-\mu,u,1,w), xp=Ξ(e(p))x_p=\Xi(e(p)), and

T−(p)=inf⁡{t>0:t∈Imax⁡(xp,0), (Ψ0(e(p),t))w=1},P−(p)=Ψ0(e(p),T−(p)).T_-(p)=\inf\{t>0:t\in I_{\max}(x_p,0),\ (\Psi_0(e(p),t))_w=1\}, \qquad P_-(p)=\Psi_0(e(p),T_-(p)).

Let V−(p)V_-(p) mean that this infimum is a least element, the full interval [0,T−(p)][0,T_-(p)] lies in the maximal domain with positive AA, the growing wall is below one before the endpoint, and its normalized-time derivative is strictly positive at the endpoint. The infimum has its total real-order meaning.

Assume p=(μ,u,w)p=(\mu,u,w) with μ≥4\mu\geq4, 0≤u≤1/(10000μ)0\leq u\leq1/(10000\mu), and 0<w≤1/100000<w\leq1/10000. Write β(t)=Ψ0(e(p),t)\beta(t)=\Psi_0(e(p),t) and A(t)=1+(αxp,0(t))0A(t)=1+(\alpha_{x_p,0}(t))_0. There exists T>0T>0 which is the least positive maximal-domain time with β(T)w=1\beta(T)_w=1. For 0≤t≤T0\leq t\leq T,

A(t)≥3/(2μ2),β(t)∈Cμ.A(t)\geq3/(2\mu^2),\qquad\beta(t)\in\mathcal C_\mu.

On this interval βv\beta_v is strictly decreasing and βw\beta_w strictly increasing, and βw<1\beta_w<1 before TT. There is exactly one t∈(0,T)t\in(0,T) with β(t)v=β(t)w\beta(t)_v=\beta(t)_w, and

βw′(T)=A(T)ω−(β(T))>0.\beta_w'(T)=A(T)\omega_-(\beta(T))>0.
Preamble
import Definitions.Def_BianchiIX_Algebra_Flow
import Definitions.Def_BianchiIX_Dynamics_Normalized
import Definitions.Def_BianchiIX_Algebra_Coordinates
import Definitions.Def_BianchiIX_Dynamics_ProjectiveState
import Definitions.Def_BianchiIX_Dynamics_MaximalFlow
import Definitions.Def_BianchiIX_Dynamics_ConnectionClock
import Definitions.Def_BianchiIX_Dynamics_ConnectionRegion
import Definitions.Def_BianchiIX_Dynamics_ConnectionExistence
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.Deriv.Pow
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.Deriv.Mul
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.Deriv.Add
import Mathlib.Analysis.Real.Sqrt
import Mathlib.Tactic.Linarith
import Mathlib.Tactic.Ring
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.Deriv.Inv
import Mathlib.Tactic.FieldSimp
import Mathlib.Tactic.LinearCombination
import Mathlib.Topology.Instances.Real.Lemmas
import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Arsinh
import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Sqrt
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.ContDiff.Operations
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.Deriv.Prod
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.MeanValue
import Mathlib.Data.Fin.VecNotation
import Mathlib.Tactic.FinCases
import Mathlib.Tactic.FunProp
import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Arcosh
import Mathlib.MeasureTheory.Integral.IntervalIntegral.FundThmCalculus
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.InverseFunctionTheorem.Deriv
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.Deriv.MeanValue
import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Pow.Deriv
import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Integrals.Basic
import Mathlib.Analysis.ODE.ExistUnique
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.FDeriv.Partial
import Mathlib.MeasureTheory.Integral.IntervalIntegral.DistLEIntegral
import Mathlib.Tactic.GCongr
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.Deriv.Slope
import Mathlib.Topology.Order.OrderClosed
import Mathlib.Topology.Order.IntermediateValue

noncomputable section
open BianchiIX
open Set
Formal statement
theorem BianchiIX.exists_connection_first_return {μ u w : ℝ} (hμ : 4 ≤ μ)
    (hu : 0 ≤ u ∧ u ≤ (1 / 10000) / μ) (hw : 0 < w ∧ w ≤ 1 / 10000) :
    let x := fromProjectiveState (connectionEntry μ u w)
    let β := fun t => toProjectiveState (normalizedMaxCurve x 0 t)
    ∃ T > (0 : ℝ),
      IsLeast {t | 0 < t ∧ t ∈ normalizedMaxDomain x 0 ∧ β t 3 = 1} T ∧
      (∀ t ∈ Icc 0 T, 3 / (2 * μ ^ 2) ≤ 1 + normalizedMaxCurve x 0 t 0 ∧ connectionRegion μ (β t)) ∧
      StrictAntiOn (fun t => β t 2) (Icc 0 T) ∧ StrictMonoOn (fun t => β t 3) (Icc 0 T) ∧
      (∀ t ∈ Ico 0 T, β t 3 < 1) ∧
      (∃! r, r ∈ Ioo 0 T ∧ β r 2 = β r 3) ∧
      HasDerivAt (fun t => β t 3)
        ((1 + normalizedMaxCurve x 0 T 0) * connectionClockRate (β T)) T ∧
      0 < (1 + normalizedMaxCurve x 0 T 0) * connectionClockRate (β T) := by sorry
Source
https://github.com/l46430640-del/ERA-STATISTICS-FORMAL/blob/d74c241819f896ab8d050b21ace80c8e90eabd9e/BianchiIX/Dynamics/ConnectionFirstReturn.lean#L64-L97

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