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Injectivity of the slope operator on the cylinder

Proved
FiniteEnergyPlane.crApply_slope_injective

by Mazecto · Nov 9, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

fredholm-theoryfunctional-analysispseudoholomorphic-curves

Let 1<p<∞1 < p < \infty1<p<∞, a,b∈(0,2π)a, b \in (0, 2\pi)a,b∈(0,2π), and χ:R→R\chi : \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}χ:R→R smooth with χ′(s)=a\chi'(s) = aχ′(s)=a for s≤−1s \le -1s≤−1 and χ′(s)=b\chi'(s) = bχ′(s)=b for s≥1s \ge 1s≥1. Consider on the cylinder R×S1\mathbb{R}\times S^1R×S1 (functions on R2\mathbb{R}^2R2, 111-periodic in ttt) the Cauchy-Riemann type operator

Dw=∂sw+J0 ∂tw+χ′(s) w,w:R×S1→R2,D w = \partial_s w + J_0\,\partial_t w + \chi'(s)\, w, \qquad w : \mathbb{R}\times S^1 \to \mathbb{R}^2,Dw=∂s​w+J0​∂t​w+χ′(s)w,w:R×S1→R2,

i.e. crApply with the zero-order term S(s,t)=χ′(s) 1S(s,t) = \chi'(s)\,\mathbb{1}S(s,t)=χ′(s)1, acting on W1,pW^{1,p}W1,p (W1p p 1) with values in LpL^pLp (LpCyl 1 p).

Then DDD is injective: every w∈W1,pw \in W^{1,p}w∈W1,p with Dw=0Dw = 0Dw=0 almost everywhere is 000.

Role. Conjugating by the weight eχe^{\chi}eχ turns this operator into ∂s+J0∂t\partial_s + J_0\partial_t∂s​+J0​∂t​ on exponentially weighted spaces whose weights have slopes aaa and bbb at the two ends. The statement covers weights that differ at the two ends, so it applies to the tangential part of perturbation problems for holomorphic curves with a removable point at one end and a nondegenerate asymptotic end at the other.

Preamble
import Definitions.Def_CauchyRiemannIndex_Setting
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.ContDiff.Basic
Formal statement
namespace FiniteEnergyPlane

open MeasureTheory Metric Filter Topology Set CauchyRiemannIndex
open scoped ContDiff ENNReal Real

/-- For slopes `a, b ∈ (0, 2π)` of a smooth weight `χ`, the operator `∂ₛ + J₀ ∂ₜ + χ'(s)` has no
kernel on `W^{1,p}` of the cylinder. -/
theorem crApply_slope_injective (p : ℝ≥0∞) [Fact (1 ≤ p)] (hp : 1 < p) (hp' : p ≠ ⊤)
    (a b : ℝ) (ha : a ∈ Ioo 0 (2 * π)) (hb : b ∈ Ioo 0 (2 * π))
    (χ : ℝ → ℝ) (hχ : ContDiff ℝ ∞ χ) (hχa : ∀ s ≤ -1, deriv χ s = a)
    (hχb : ∀ s ≥ 1, deriv χ s = b) :
    ∀ w ∈ W1p p 1, crApply (fun x => deriv χ x.1 • (1 : Mat 1)) w =ᵐ[cylMeasure] 0 → w = 0 := by
  sorry

end FiniteEnergyPlane
Source
Setting of C. Wendl, Lectures on Holomorphic Curves in Symplectic and Contact Geometry (arXiv:1011.1690), Ch. 4; used for U. Hryniewicz, Fast finite-energy planes in symplectizations and applications, Trans. AMS 364 (2012), arXiv:0812.4076

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