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Zero charge keeps the symplectization coordinate bounded near a puncture

Proved
FiniteEnergyPlane.exists_abs_aCoord_le_of_tendsto_loopAction_zero

by Mazecto · Oct 26, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

finite-energypseudoholomorphic-curvesreeb-dynamicssymplectic-geometry

Let S=H−1(1)⊂R2n+2S=H^{-1}(1)\subset\mathbb R^{2n+2}S=H−1(1)⊂R2n+2 be a strictly star-shaped level with contact form λ=λ0∣S\lambda=\lambda_0|_Sλ=λ0​∣S​ and dλd\lambdadλ-compatible complex structure JJJ on ξ\xiξ, and let u=(a,w):D˙=D∖{0}→R×S≅R2n+2∖{0}u=(a,w):\dot D=D\setminus\{0\}\to\mathbb R\times S\cong\mathbb R^{2n+2}\setminus\{0\}u=(a,w):D˙=D∖{0}→R×S≅R2n+2∖{0} be a finite-energy J~\tilde JJ~-holomorphic curve on the punctured unit disc. Write Q(ρ)=∫01w(γρ(t))∗λQ(\rho)=\int_0^1 w(\gamma_\rho(t))^*\lambdaQ(ρ)=∫01​w(γρ​(t))∗λ for the action of the clockwise loop γρ(t)=ρe−2πit\gamma_\rho(t)=\rho e^{-2\pi i t}γρ​(t)=ρe−2πit, and assume the gradient bound ∣z∣ ∣∇u(z)∣≤C|z|\,|\nabla u(z)|\le C∣z∣∣∇u(z)∣≤C for 0<∣z∣<r0<|z|<r0<∣z∣<r, where ∣∇u∣=∥Da∥+∥Dw∥|\nabla u|=\|Da\|+\|Dw\|∣∇u∣=∥Da∥+∥Dw∥. If Q(ρ)→0Q(\rho)\to0Q(ρ)→0 as ρ→0+\rho\to0^+ρ→0+, then the coordinate aaa is bounded near the puncture: there are r′>0r'>0r′>0 and AAA with ∣a(u(z))∣≤A|a(u(z))|\le A∣a(u(z))∣≤A for 0<∣z∣<r′0<|z|<r'0<∣z∣<r′.

In other words, a puncture of zero charge is neither positive nor negative: uuu does not escape to either end of the symplectization. This is a step in the zero-charge case of the asymptotic description of finite-energy punctured discs (Hofer; Wendl, Theorem 9.8).

Formalization Note R×S\mathbb R\times SR×S is identified with R2n+2∖{0}\mathbb R^{2n+2}\setminus\{0\}R2n+2∖{0} by (a,x)↦e2ax(a,x)\mapsto e^{2a}x(a,x)↦e2ax, and aaa is aCoord H. The charge hypothesis is Tendsto (fun ρ => loopAction H u (cwLoop 0 ρ)) (𝓝[>] 0) (𝓝 0), and the gradient bound uses gradNorm.

Preamble
import Definitions.Def_FiniteEnergyPlane_Setting
Formal statement
namespace FiniteEnergyPlane

open MeasureTheory Metric Filter Topology
open scoped ContDiff ENNReal Real

/-- Zero charge bounds the symplectization coordinate: under the gradient bound, if the loop
actions tend to `0` then `a ∘ u` is bounded on a punctured neighbourhood of the puncture. -/
theorem exists_abs_aCoord_le_of_tendsto_loopAction_zero {n : ℕ} (H : V n → ℝ)
    (hH : IsStrictlyStarShapedLevel H) (J : V n → V n →L[ℝ] V n)
    (hJ : IsCompatibleXiStructure H J) (u : ℂ → V n)
    (hu : IsFiniteEnergyCurve H J (ball 0 1 \ {0}) u)
    (hG : ∃ r : ℝ, 0 < r ∧ ∃ C : ℝ, ∀ z : ℂ, z ≠ 0 → ‖z‖ < r → ‖z‖ * gradNorm H u z ≤ C)
    (hQ : Tendsto (fun ρ => loopAction H u (cwLoop 0 ρ)) (𝓝[>] 0) (𝓝 0)) :
    ∃ r : ℝ, 0 < r ∧ ∃ A : ℝ, ∀ z : ℂ, z ≠ 0 → ‖z‖ < r → |aCoord H (u z)| ≤ A := by
  sorry

end FiniteEnergyPlane
Source
H. Hofer, Pseudoholomorphic curves in symplectizations with applications to the Weinstein conjecture in dimension three, Invent. Math. 114 (1993), 515-563, Section 3; C. Wendl, Lectures on Symplectic Field Theory, arXiv:1612.01009, Lemmas 9.14 and 9.17

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