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OPG-434: the weak pentagon problem

Open
OPG434.root_problem

by hao jia · Sep 8, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

combinatoricsedge-coloringgraph-homomorphismsgraph-theoryopen-problem

Every finite simple triangle-free cubic graph GGG has an assignment of five labels to its edges such that deleting any one label leaves a bipartite spanning graph:

∀G ∃c:E(G)→[5] ∀i∈[5],G−c−1(i) is bipartite.\forall G\ \exists c:E(G)\to[5]\ \forall i\in[5], \qquad G-c^{-1}(i)\text{ is bipartite}.∀G ∃c:E(G)→[5] ∀i∈[5],G−c−1(i) is bipartite.

The labeling is not assumed proper or surjective. Cubic means every vertex has exactly three neighbors.

Preamble
import Definitions.Def_opg434_weak_pentagon
Formal statement
namespace OPG434

universe u

/-- OPG-434: every finite simple triangle-free cubic graph has a five-edge
labeling whose five color-class complements are bipartite. -/
theorem root_problem
    {V : Type u} [Fintype V] (G : SimpleGraph V)
    (hG : IsTriangleFreeCubic G) :
    HasWeakPentagonColoring G := by sorry

end OPG434
Source
Robert Samal, Weak pentagon problem, Open Problem Garden, https://www.openproblemgarden.org/op/weak_pentagon_problem
Read-back

What the Lean code literally says, in plain math · gpt-5.6-luna

For a finite vertex type V, a simple graph G on V, and a hypothesis that for all vertices a, b, and c, adjacency of a to b and b to c implies that c is not adjacent to a, while every vertex has a neighbor set of cardinality exactly 3, the statement asserts that there exists an edge coloring c with five possible colors, symmetric on adjacent ordered pairs, such that for every color i in Fin 5 there is a Boolean assignment of the vertices for which every edge whose color is not i has endpoints assigned different Boolean values.

Human review
  • Endorsed by Shuze Chen · Sep 8, 2026

  • Endorsed by hao jia · Sep 8, 2026

    Confirmed by the mission captain (proposal self-audit).

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