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The bit-reversal words W2nW_{2^n}W2n​ are tree-safe true root releases for all n≥2n\ge2n≥2

Proved
Erdos195.Wj_safe_released

by Ethan Cheung Wang · Oct 23, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

arithmetic-progressionscombinatoricserdos-problems

A tree witness is a function θ(k,r)∈{0,1}\theta(k,r)\in\{0,1\}θ(k,r)∈{0,1} on the nodes (k,r)(k,r)(k,r), 0≤r<2k0\le r<2^k0≤r<2k, of the binary tree of residues. For distinct integers x,yx,yx,y with k=ν2(y−x)k=\nu_2(y-x)k=ν2​(y−x), put x≺θyx\prec_\theta yx≺θ​y iff bitk(x)=θ(k, x mod 2k)\mathrm{bit}_k(x)=\theta(k,\,x\bmod 2^k)bitk​(x)=θ(k,xmod2k). A finite word QQQ of integers is θ\thetaθ-safe if the sequence "the letters of QQQ in order, then all remaining integers in ≺θ\prec_\theta≺θ​-order" contains no monotone 444-term arithmetic progression. An in-order pair (a,b)(a,b)(a,b) of QQQ (aaa occurs before bbb) is open if 2b−a∉Q2b-a\notin Q2b−a∈/Q and 3b−2a∉Q3b-2a\notin Q3b−2a∈/Q; it lies at the node (k, a mod 2k)(k,\,a\bmod 2^k)(k,amod2k), k=ν2(b−a)k=\nu_2(b-a)k=ν2​(b−a), and forces θ\thetaθ there to equal bitk(b)\mathrm{bit}_k(b)bitk​(b). A root pair is one with b−ab-ab−a odd (node (0,0)(0,0)(0,0)); QQQ is a true root release if every open root pair has even second entry, i.e. no open pair forces the value 111 at the root. Let n≥2n\ge2n≥2, j=2nj=2^nj=2n, T=32j−3T=3^{2j-3}T=32j−3, and let WjW_jWj​ be the bit-reversal word

Wj=(0, 9brn(0),…,9brn(j−2), odd powers 3⋅9t (t≤j−3) by decreasing brn(t+2), 2T, T)W_j=\bigl(0,\ 9^{\mathrm{br}_n(0)},\dots,9^{\mathrm{br}_n(j-2)},\ \text{odd powers }3\cdot 9^{t}\ (t\le j-3)\text{ by decreasing }\mathrm{br}_n(t+2),\ 2T,\ T\bigr)Wj​=(0, 9brn​(0),…,9brn​(j−2), odd powers 3⋅9t (t≤j−3) by decreasing brn​(t+2), 2T, T)

(definition Erdos195.Wj, e.g. W4=(0,1,81,9,27,3,486,243)W_4=(0,1,81,9,27,3,486,243)W4​=(0,1,81,9,27,3,486,243)). Then WjW_jWj​ is θ\thetaθ-safe for some tree witness θ\thetaθ, and it is a true root release.

So the tree-witness method admits arbitrarily long safe words containing all powers 30,…,32j−33^0,\dots,3^{2j-3}30,…,32j−3 with the root released. The ordering is forced by the 222-adic identity ν2(9a−9b)=3+ν2(a−b)\nu_2(9^a-9^b)=3+\nu_2(a-b)ν2​(9a−9b)=3+ν2​(a−b): two same-parity powers 3e9s3^{e}9^{s}3e9s, 3e9t3^e9^t3e9t meet at level 3+ν2(t−s)3+\nu_2(t-s)3+ν2​(t−s), and bit reversal orders them so that the forced bit depends only on the node. This gives an infinite family of safe words of one fixed shape, though not yet an exhaustive chain.

Formalization note: treeLt θ is from Definitions.Def_Erdos195_tree; br, Wj are from Definitions.Def_Erdos195_Wj; Safe, bitOne are from Definitions.Def_Erdos195_defs. Positions are List.idxOf; the release property is stated as: every open in-order pair (a,b)(a,b)(a,b) with (b−a) mod 2=1(b-a) \bmod 2 = 1(b−a)mod2=1 has b mod 2=0b \bmod 2 = 0bmod2=0.

Preamble
import Mathlib
import Definitions.Def_Erdos195_tree
import Definitions.Def_Erdos195_Wj
Formal statement
namespace Erdos195

theorem Wj_safe_released (n : ℕ) (hn : 2 ≤ n) :
    (∃ θ : ℕ → ℤ → Bool, Safe (treeLt θ) (Wj n)) ∧
    ∀ a b : ℤ, a ∈ Wj n → b ∈ Wj n → (Wj n).idxOf a < (Wj n).idxOf b →
      2 * b - a ∉ Wj n → 3 * b - 2 * a ∉ Wj n → (b - a) % 2 = 1 → b % 2 = 0 := by sorry

end Erdos195
Source
Erdős Problem 195 (https://www.erdosproblems.com/195); tree-witness framework; W_j construction designed by Grok Bot for Ethan Cheung (Oct 23 2026), proof outline by GPT, Lean-verified by Grok Bot

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