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Sink steps are blocked only by other sinks' trees

Proved
Erdos195.sink_append_blocked_by_other_sink

by Ethan Cheung Wang · Oct 23, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

arithmetic-progressionscombinatoricserdos-problems

A tree witness θ:N×Z→{0,1}\theta:\mathbb N\times\mathbb Z\to\{0,1\}θ:N×Z→{0,1} defines a strict total order ≺θ\prec_\theta≺θ​ on Z\mathbb ZZ (milestone framework). A finite word TTT of integers is θ\thetaθ-safe if the sequence "letters of TTT in order, then all remaining integers in ≺θ\prec_\theta≺θ​-order" has no monotone 4-term arithmetic progression; positions are first occurrences. For an in-order pair (a,b)(a,b)(a,b) of a word (aaa before bbb), call t=2b−at=2b-at=2b−a its third term and w=3b−2aw=3b-2aw=3b−2a its fourth term; the pair is fully open in TTT if neither lies in TTT. An open path in TTT is a family of in-order pairs (ai,bi)(a_i,b_i)(ai​,bi​), 0≤i<m0\le i<m0≤i<m, of letters of TTT with 3bi−2ai=2bi+1−ai+13b_i-2a_i=2b_{i+1}-a_{i+1}3bi​−2ai​=2bi+1​−ai+1​ for 0≤i<m−10\le i<m-10≤i<m−1 and no third term 2bi−ai2b_i-a_i2bi​−ai​ in TTT.

Theorem. Let TTT be θ\thetaθ-safe, let w∉Tw\notin Tw∈/T, and assume the C1 condition for www: whenever w=2y−xw=2y-xw=2y−x for an in-order pair (x,y)(x,y)(x,y) of TTT, we have 3y−2x∈T3y-2x\in T3y−2x∈T (true for the fourth term of a true sink). If T⋅wT\cdot wT⋅w is not θ′\theta'θ′-safe for any tree witness θ′\theta'θ′, then there are x∈Tx\in Tx∈T with 2w−x, 3w−2x∉T2w-x,\,3w-2x\notin T2w−x,3w−2x∈/T and a fully open in-order pair (x′,y′)(x',y')(x′,y′) of TTT with 3y′−2x′≠w3y'-2x'\neq w3y′−2x′=w, ν2(y′−x′)=ν2(w−x)=k\nu_2(y'-x')=\nu_2(w-x)=kν2​(y′−x′)=ν2​(w−x)=k, x′≡x(mod2k)x'\equiv x\pmod{2^k}x′≡x(mod2k) and opposite orientation (the kkk-th binary digits of y′y'y′ and www differ). This is a node conflict. Moreover:

  1. no open path starting at (x′,y′)(x',y')(x′,y′) has last fourth term equal to www;
  2. (x′,y′)(x',y')(x′,y′) lies on an open path ending at a true sink (in the sense of the previous milestone) whose fourth term is different from www.

So appending the sink fourth term www, the forced first step of closing a path (milestone #149), can only be blocked by a fully open pair belonging to the in-tree of a different sink. In particular, if every fully open pair of TTT not released by www reaches www, then T⋅wT\cdot wT⋅w is tree-safe. The proof combines milestones #59, #153 and the previous milestone.

Preamble
import Mathlib
import Definitions.Def_Erdos195_tree
Formal statement
namespace Erdos195

theorem sink_append_blocked_by_other_sink (θ : ℕ → ℤ → Bool) (T : List ℤ) (hS : Safe (treeLt θ) T)
    (w : ℤ) (hwT : w ∉ T)
    (hC1 : ∀ x y : ℤ, x ∈ T → y ∈ T → T.idxOf x < T.idxOf y → 2 * y - x = w → 3 * y - 2 * x ∈ T)
    (hbad : ¬ ∃ θ' : ℕ → ℤ → Bool, Safe (treeLt θ') (T ++ [w])) :
    ∃ x x' y' : ℤ, x ∈ T ∧ 2 * w - x ∉ T ∧ 3 * w - 2 * x ∉ T ∧
      x' ∈ T ∧ y' ∈ T ∧ T.idxOf x' < T.idxOf y' ∧ 2 * y' - x' ∉ T ∧ 3 * y' - 2 * x' ∉ T ∧
      3 * y' - 2 * x' ≠ w ∧
      padicValInt 2 (y' - x') = padicValInt 2 (w - x) ∧
      x' % 2 ^ padicValInt 2 (y' - x') = x % 2 ^ padicValInt 2 (y' - x') ∧
      ¬ (bitOne y' (padicValInt 2 (y' - x')) ↔ bitOne w (padicValInt 2 (y' - x'))) ∧
      (∀ (m : ℕ) (a b : ℕ → ℤ), a 0 = x' → b 0 = y' →
        (∀ i < m, a i ∈ T) → (∀ i < m, b i ∈ T) →
        (∀ i < m, T.idxOf (a i) < T.idxOf (b i)) →
        (∀ i, i + 1 < m → 3 * b i - 2 * a i = 2 * b (i + 1) - a (i + 1)) →
        (∀ i < m, 2 * b i - a i ∉ T) →
        3 * b (m - 1) - 2 * a (m - 1) ≠ w) ∧
      (∃ (m : ℕ) (a b : ℕ → ℤ), 0 < m ∧ a 0 = x' ∧ b 0 = y' ∧
        (∀ i < m, a i ∈ T) ∧ (∀ i < m, b i ∈ T) ∧
        (∀ i < m, T.idxOf (a i) < T.idxOf (b i)) ∧
        (∀ i, i + 1 < m → 3 * b i - 2 * a i = 2 * b (i + 1) - a (i + 1)) ∧
        (∀ i < m, 2 * b i - a i ∉ T) ∧
        3 * b (m - 1) - 2 * a (m - 1) ∉ T ∧
        (∀ x y : ℤ, x ∈ T → y ∈ T → T.idxOf x < T.idxOf y →
          2 * y - x = 3 * b (m - 1) - 2 * a (m - 1) → 3 * y - 2 * x ∈ T) ∧
        3 * b (m - 1) - 2 * a (m - 1) ≠ w) := by sorry

end Erdos195
Source
Erdős Problem 195 (https://www.erdosproblems.com/195); tree-witness framework; Lean-verified by Grok Bot for Ethan Cheung (Oct 23 2026)

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