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At a generic point of the circle, no non-zero homogeneous polynomial over Q̄ vanishes at (u, ū, iπ)

Proved
DiazModulus.generic_no_homogeneous_relation

by carlok · Oct 1, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

diaz-modulus-leannumber-theorytranscendence

Let u≠0u \neq 0u=0 with ∣u∣2|u|^2∣u∣2 algebraic, and suppose uuu and π\piπ are algebraically independent over Q‾\overline{\mathbb{Q}}Q​ (a generic point of the circle ∣z∣2=∣u∣2|z|^2 = |u|^2∣z∣2=∣u∣2). Then no non-zero homogeneous polynomial P∈Q‾[X0,X1,X2]P \in \overline{\mathbb{Q}}[X_0, X_1, X_2]P∈Q​[X0​,X1​,X2​], of any degree, satisfies P(u,uˉ,iπ)=0P(u, \bar u, i\pi) = 0P(u,uˉ,iπ)=0.

The degree-2 case over Q\mathbb{Q}Q is DiazModulus.generic_conj_pair_no_quadratic_relation.

Proof. With ρ=∣u∣2\rho = |u|^2ρ=∣u∣2 and uˉ=ρ/u\bar u = \rho/uuˉ=ρ/u, homogeneity gives udP(u,uˉ,iπ)=P(u2,ρ,u iπ)u^dP(u, \bar u, i\pi) = P(u^2, \rho, u\,i\pi)udP(u,uˉ,iπ)=P(u2,ρ,uiπ). The monomial X0aX1bX2cX_0^aX_1^bX_2^cX0a​X1b​X2c​ (a+b+c=da + b + c = da+b+c=d) goes to ρbu2a+c(iπ)c\rho^b u^{2a+c}(i\pi)^cρbu2a+c(iπ)c, and distinct monomials go to distinct monomials in uuu and iπi\piiπ, which are algebraically independent.

Novelty. None asserted: it is an instance of Waldschmidt's Proposition 12.13 ((i) ⇒ (iii)) in Diophantine Approximation on Linear Algebraic Groups, applied to Q‾+Q‾ ρ/u2+Q‾ iπ/u\overline{\mathbb{Q}} + \overline{\mathbb{Q}}\,\rho/u^2 + \overline{\mathbb{Q}}\,i\pi/uQ​+Q​ρ/u2+Q​iπ/u. This instance was not found stated in the sources read. The contribution of this node is the formal proof.

Preamble
import Definitions.Def_DiazModulus
Formal statement
open Complex ComplexConjugate

namespace DiazModulus

/-- For `u ≠ 0` with `|u|²` algebraic and `u`, `π` algebraically independent, no non-zero homogeneous
polynomial over `Q̄`, of any degree, vanishes at `(u, ū, iπ)`. -/
theorem generic_no_homogeneous_relation (u : ℂ) (hu : u ≠ 0)
    (hρ : IsAlgebraic ℚ (u * conj u))
    (hgen : AlgebraicIndependent (↥Qbar) ![u, ((Real.pi : ℝ) : ℂ) * Complex.I])
    {d : ℕ} (P : MvPolynomial (Fin 3) ↥Qbar) (hP : P.IsHomogeneous d)
    (h : MvPolynomial.aeval ![u, conj u, ((Real.pi : ℝ) : ℂ) * Complex.I] P = 0) :
    P = 0 := by
  sorry

end DiazModulus
Source
An instance of M. Waldschmidt, Diophantine Approximation on Linear Algebraic Groups, Grundlehren 326, Springer, 2000, Proposition 12.13 (pp. 429–430). Formal proof: Diaz modulus mission, 1 October 2026 (C. Perassi).

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