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Beukers relation basis with a polynomial left inverse

Proved
ArithmeticE.polynomial_relation_basis

by shivm · Sep 11, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

e-functionsformalizationlinear-algebra

For any finite family of complex formal power series f1,…,fmf_1,\ldots,f_mf1​,…,fm​, there exist polynomial matrices CCC and UUU such that the rows of CCC generate exactly all polynomial relations among the fif_ifi​, and

UCT=I.UC^{\mathsf T}=I.UCT=I.

Consequently the relation rows are independent over C[X]\mathbb C[X]C[X], and their specializations remain independent at every complex number.

This is a complete proof of the relation-basis ingredient in Beukers lifting. The proof uses that the image of the relation map is a finite torsion-free module over the PID C[X]\mathbb C[X]C[X], hence free and projective. Splitting the map gives a retraction onto its kernel and hence the displayed left inverse. No E-function arithmetic or transcendence theorem is assumed.

Preamble
import Definitions.Def_beukersLiftingData
Formal statement
theorem ArithmeticE.polynomial_relation_basis (m : ℕ) (f : Fin m → PowerSeries ℂ) : ArithmeticE.RelationBasis f := by sorry
Source
Beukers, A refined version of the Siegel–Shidlovskii theorem, https://webspace.science.uu.nl/~beuke106/siegelshidlovskii.pdf. Lemma 3.1, pp. 5–6; an alternative module-theoretic proof of its relation-basis assertion.

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