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Every matrix in Sp∗(2n)\mathrm{Sp}^*(2n)Sp∗(2n) is joined to W+W^+W+ or W−W^-W− inside Sp∗(2n)\mathrm{Sp}^*(2n)Sp∗(2n)

Proved
ConleyZehnder.spStar_exists_path_to_W

by Mazecto · Oct 9, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

conley-zehnder-indexmaslov-indexsymplectic-geometrysymplectic-group

Let Sp∗(2n)\mathrm{Sp}^*(2n)Sp∗(2n) be the set of real symplectic 2n×2n2n\times 2n2n×2n matrices AAA (with respect to J0=(0−IdId0)J_0=\begin{pmatrix}0&-\mathrm{Id}\\ \mathrm{Id}&0\end{pmatrix}J0​=(0Id​−Id0​)) such that 111 is not an eigenvalue of AAA, i.e. det⁡(Id−A)≠0\det(\mathrm{Id}-A)\neq 0det(Id−A)=0. Let W+=−IdW^+=-\mathrm{Id}W+=−Id and W−=diag(2,−1,…,−1,12,−1,…,−1)W^-=\mathrm{diag}(2,-1,\dots,-1,\tfrac12,-1,\dots,-1)W−=diag(2,−1,…,−1,21​,−1,…,−1).

For every A∈Sp∗(2n)A\in\mathrm{Sp}^*(2n)A∈Sp∗(2n) there is a continuous path χ:[0,1]→Sp∗(2n)\chi:[0,1]\to\mathrm{Sp}^*(2n)χ:[0,1]→Sp∗(2n) with χ(0)=A\chi(0)=Aχ(0)=A and χ(1)∈{W+,W−}\chi(1)\in\{W^+,W^-\}χ(1)∈{W+,W−}.

This is the existence half of the definition of the Conley–Zehnder index: every ψ∈SP(n)\psi\in\mathrm{SP}(n)ψ∈SP(n) admits an extension ψ~\tilde\psiψ~​ through Sp∗(2n)\mathrm{Sp}^*(2n)Sp∗(2n) ending at W±W^\pmW±.

Formalization note: paths are C(unitInterval, Mat n), where Mat n is the type of real matrices indexed by Fin n ⊕ Fin n; SpStar n, Wplus n, Wminus n are from the definition module ConleyZehnder_Setting. For n=0n=0n=0 the statement is trivial.

Preamble
import Definitions.Def_ConleyZehnder_Setting
Formal statement
namespace ConleyZehnder

/-- Gutt §2, first fact before Definition 7: every `A ∈ Sp*` is joined inside `Sp*` to
`W⁺` or to `W⁻`. -/
theorem spStar_exists_path_to_W {n : ℕ} (A : Mat n) (hA : A ∈ SpStar n) :
    ∃ χ : C(unitInterval, Mat n), χ 0 = A ∧ (∀ t, χ t ∈ SpStar n) ∧
      (χ 1 = Wplus n ∨ χ 1 = Wminus n) := by sorry

end ConleyZehnder
Source
Gutt, Generalized Conley-Zehnder index, Ann. Fac. Sci. Toulouse Math. 23 (2014) 907-932, https://doi.org/10.5802/afst.1430 (arXiv:1307.7239), Section 2, the first of the two facts listed before Definition 7, p. 6; Salamon, Lectures on Floer homology, IAS/Park City Math. Ser. 7 (1999) 143-229, https://doi.org/10.1090/pcms/007/05

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